Child Development: Contraceptives

Child Development: Contraceptives

1. FEMALE

   • Combined Pill
     • Prevents ovaries from producing eggs
     • 100% successful
     • Advantages
       • Reduces periods, pain and blood loss
       • Reliable for preventing pregnancy
       • Some health advantages
     • Disadvantages
       • No protection from STIs
       • Remembering to take is at the same time everyday
       • Some health risks
       • Prescription required
   • Mini Pill
     • Makes it hard for sperm to get into the uterus and hard for fertilisation or implantation to take place
     • 99% successful
     • Advantages
       • Reduces periods, pain and blood loss
       • Reliable for prevent pregnancy
       • Some health advantages
       • Fewer health risks than the combined pill
       • Can be used by breastfeeding mothers
     • Disadvantages
       • No protection from STIs
       • Remembering to take it at the same time everyday
       • Some health risks
       • Prescription required
   • Female Condoms
     • Sperm stopped from entering the Vagina
     • 95% successful
     • Advantages
       • Protection from STIs and unwanted pregnancy
       • Available without prescription
       • No medication needed
       • Can be put in hours before sex
       • Can be used by people allergic to latex
     • Disadvantages
       • Put on and removed carefully
       • Not widely available
       • Large and can make an off-putting noise
   • Diagphragm (cap) (used with spermicide jelly or creams
     • Sperm stopped from reaching egg and spermicide makes sperm inactive
     • 92-96% successful
     • Advantages
       • Good protection from unwanted pregnancy
       • Can be put in hours before sex
       • No medication or side effects
     • Disadvantages
       • Difficult to use correctly
       • Must be fitted by a clincian
       • May slip out of places during sex
   • IUD (intra-uterine device)
     • Implantation is prevented
     • 98-99% successful
     • Advantages
       • Excellent protection from unwanted pregnancy
       • No medication - lasts for 10 years
       • More reversible than sterilisation
     • Disadvantages
       • No protection from STIs
       • Additional bleeding and cramps possible
       • Small number of women allergic to copper
     • IUD
   • Intrauterine System (slow release of progesterone)
     • Progesterone is gradually and slowly released. This stops the sperm reaching the egg.
     • 99% successful
     • Disadvantages
       • No protection from STIs
     • Advantages
       • Excellent protection from unwanted pregnancy
       • No medication - lasts for 7 years
       • More reversible than sterilisation
       • Less bleeding and cramping than IUD
   • Contraceptive implant (slow release of progesterone)
     • 99% successful
     • An implant of the hormone progesterone, usually into the upper arm, prevents implantation.

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