third crusade dates

Página 1

The Treaty of Jaffa was signed September 1192 as Richard was anxious to return to England.

The Franks had to hand over Ascalon to Saladin.

The Franks had control of the ports from Tyre down to the coast of Jaffa.

Saladin would allow the Christians access to Jerusalem

so Richard set sail from Acre 9th October 1192.

The siege of Acre.

Philip arrived first at Acre, 20th April 1191. The siege had already begun in 1189.Philip had six fully supplied ships and he began constructing siege engines.

He was joined by Richard almost two months later, on the 8th June 1191 who also began to construct siege engines.

Therefore, on the 12th July 1191 the Muslim garrison of Acre surrendered to Conrad, which was primarily a morale boost to he Crusaders. BUT, ALTHOUGH THEY CAPTURED THE PORT 12TH HULY 1191, THERE WAS ALMOST A MONTH LONG DELAY IN LEAVING AS THEIR WAS THE DISPUTE OVER SUCCESSION. SO, 28TH JULY 1191 BOTH PHILIP AND RICHARD GAVE JUDGEMENT. they decided that Guy would rule until he died and then it would go to Conrad. With this solved. 31st July 1191 Philip returned home, left his contingent in the control of Hugh the duke of Burgundy and gifted half of his claim to Acre to Conrad of Montferrat. Philip of Flanders' lands in Vermandois were vulnerable to French expansion. Conrad married Isabella, the sister of Sybilla at this point which increased his claim to the throne.

The Terms of Acre's surrender.

Fragments of the true cross seized at Hattin were to be returned. Around 1600 prisoners that Saladin held were to be released. Money was to be given to the leaders of the Crusade. In return, the Crusaders would hand over the 2,700 prisoners they kept as hostages.

But, these prisoners needed feeding and guarding, and there were already jobs to do in Acre such as the building of the defences. Richard was ready to march onward, several requests were made to Saladin to honour the agreement within the one month time scale agreed, he never did. Mid August 1191 the time limit was over, no sign of the terms. Mid August a council was called, where they decided to slaughter the prisoners of Acre. So, 22nd August the march to Jerusalem was able to begin.

The Guy situation

Guy had been relased May 1188, and saladin exacted a promise that he would go overseas. Guy wasn't allowed entry to Tyre by Conrad, so he gathered some knights and set out for Acre. The capture of Acre was Saladin's initial blow to his aura of invincibility.

Arsuf 7th September 1191

Mid morning, a well ordered squadron of Muslims attacked. Hospitallers in the rear lost many horses, forced back upon the French squadrons in the front. Richard was waiting until the enemies horses were exhausted, but the heat and the casualties began to erode the patience of the Crusaders. The Hospitallers charged, taking some French knights with them as well. Richard was quick to react, as the Crusader vanguard reached the gardens of Arsuf and his knights charged. They managed to break through and pursued the English and Norman army. Victory, Arsuf provided a base to launch counter charges. Richard led a third charge which swept the Muslims back into the woods. Alleged Muslim losses of 32 emirs, and 7,000 men, but it didn't prevent them from returning to harass the next day. Arsuf is in Jaffa, Richard wanted to wait but his army charged partially, luckily he was able to rapidly form of a counter attack in record time.

Battle of Jaffa, July 1192

After failing to attack Jerusalem, Richard marched North to attack Beirut. Aware of this Saladin made a mad dash 27th July for Jaffa, but the citadel was able to hold out. Richard embarked a small force, sailed, stromed the beaches himself to rescue the garrison 31st July 1192. After failed negotiations, Saladin attacked at dwan 4th August 1192, but the muslim lost heart and were defeated. unhappy that they would be able to plunder Jaffa. richard drove Saladins forces back.