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Flashcards

Mexico XIX Century

Paola Vizcaino Inglês 5,0Avaliação média 5,0 de 5 (1 avaliação) 38 flashcards

Mexico XIX Century

Flashcards do conjunto (38)

  1. 1Why is the XIX century in Mexico known as the "Century of Anarchy"?Civil wars
    Changes of Constitutions
    Military and popular uprisings
    Foreign interventions
    Conservatives vs. Liberals
    Political, economic and social instability    Why is the XIX century in Mexico known as the "Century of Anarchy"?
  2. 2Mention some of the problems that independent Mexico faced in the creation of a Nation-StateMexico had to define its type of government
    (Monarchy, Federal or Centralist Republic)
    Confrontation of ideas, opinions
    (Conservatives vs Liberals)
    Social inequality    Mention some of the problems that independent Mexico faced in the creation of a Nation-State
  3. 3Describe Mexican society in the XIX centurySocial classes:
    Wealthy landowners
    Small political elite (liberals & conservatives)
    Majority of poor population
    Indigenous people (didn't speak Spanish)
    Peasants and workers had little rights    Describe Mexican society in the XIX century
  4. 4How was the Mexican territory in the XIX century?The Mexican territory in the XIX century was not well integrated
    All the political decisions were made in Mexico City (centralization)
    The northern territories were isolated
    This made Mexico vulnerable to internal and external conflicts (foreign invasions)    How was the Mexican territory in the XIX century?
  5. 5Main economic problems of Independent Mexico- Little production (Indpendence war)
    - No capacity to collect taxes
    - Debt with UK, France and Spain
    (loans, acquisition of weapons, ships, investment in mining)
    - Mexico exported raw materials
    and imported manufactured goods    Main economic problems of Independent Mexico
  6. 6What role did Agustín de Iturbide play in the Mexican Independence?Agustín de Iturbide switched bands from the Royal to the Independence army
    He negotiated the terms of the Mexican Independence
    Signed the Iguala Plan & Córdoba Treaties
    He supported an European-style Monarchy    What role did Agustín de Iturbide play in the Mexican Independence?
  7. 7First Empire Agustín de Iturbide 1822-1823After the formation of the Provisional Junta, the army supported Iturbide to become an Emperor in 1822
    Iturbide was named "Agustin I"
    His empire was a bad simulation of the Spanish Monarchy
    The liberal Congress constantly attacked Iturbide    First Empire Agustín de Iturbide 1822-1823
  8. 8Who signed the Casa Mata Plan in 1823 and what was it for?Antonio López de Santa Ana
    Vicente Guerrero
    Nicolás Bravo
    J.A. Chávarri and others
    - Its purpose was to overthrow Iturbide
    - It wanted to form a new Congress
    - Supported regional autonomy    Who signed the Casa Mata Plan in 1823 and what was it for?
  9. 9The Triumvirate or Three-People Government in 1823After the fall of Iturbide, the Congress named a new executive government led by three men:
    Pedro Celestino Negrete
    Vicente Guerrero
    Nicolás Bravo    The Triumvirate or Three-People Government in 1823
  10. 10Constitution of 1824Promulgated October 4th, 1824
    Inspired by Cádiz & U.S. Constitution
    - Established a Federal Republic
    - Catholic religion
    - Education & freedom of press
    - Did not alter the rights of the Church and the military    Constitution of 1824
  11. 11The first Federal Republic in MexicoFrom 1824 - 1835
    First Mexican experience with Republic
    Two Triumvirates & Nine Presidents Guadalupe Victoria was the First President
    Creation of the Mexican Hacienda
    More loans from foreign countries
    Attempt of a Spanish reconquest    The first Federal Republic in Mexico
  12. 12Lucas Alamán Advisor to: Anastasio Bustamante & Antonio López de Santa AnnaMinister and presidential advisor
    Participated in the Conservative Party
    In favor of the Church
    Had Liberal Constitutional ideas:
    - In favor of division of powers
    - Preferred a Centralist Republic in order to better organize the country
    - Promoted Mexico's industrialization    Lucas Alamán Advisor to: Anastasio Bustamante & Antonio López de Santa Anna
  13. 13First Liberal Reforms 1833Promoted by liberals: Valentín Gómez Farías, José María Luis Mora, Lorenzo de Zavala
    - Abolished clergy and military "fueros"
    - Took away property of the Church
    - Public shcools
    - National guard
    - National Library, Museum, University    First Liberal Reforms 1833
  14. 14The Central Republic Constitution of the Seven Laws 1835Reaction of the Liberal Reforms of 1833 by the Church and the military:
    "Religion and privileges"
    President Santa Ana expelled the liberals
    New Congress
    New Constitution: Seven Laws (1835)
    Conservative Power
    Presidential Period of 8 years    The Central Republic Constitution of the Seven Laws 1835
  15. 15Types of Government in Mexico First half of the XIX Century1. First Empire: Iturbide (1822-1823)
    2. First Federal Republic (1824-1835) - Guadalupe Victoria, Guerrero, Bustamante, Gómez Farías
    3. Central Republic (1835-1846) - Santa Anna, Bustamante, Bravo    Types of Government in Mexico First half of the XIX Century
  16. 16—- Texas protested the new Central government (Seven Laws) and rebelled in favor of a Federal system
    - U.S. nationals outnumbered Tejanos
    - Santa Anna advanced in "El Álamo" but was defeated in 1836
    - Treaties of Velasco: Texas Independence    - Texas protested the new Central government (Seven Laws) and rebelled in favor of a Federal system - U.S. nationals outnumbered Tejanos ...
  17. 17Types of Government in Mexico Second half of the XIX CenturyFederal Republic (1846-1863) - Santa Anna, Gómez Farías, Comonfort, Juárez
    Second Empire - Maximilian
    Restored Republic - Juárez & Lerdo de Tejada    Types of Government in Mexico Second half of the XIX Century
  18. 18Two consequences of the Central Republic (loss of territory)1. Texas Independence in 1836
    2. Yucatán Peninsula secession in 1837    Two consequences of the Central Republic (loss of territory)
  19. 19First French Intervention in Mexico 1838-18 "Pastry War"France demanded reparations from damages to French businesses in the Mexican revolts, including damages to a bakery
    $600,000 pesos
    The French attacked San Juan de Ulúa & the port of Veracruz    First French Intervention in Mexico 1838-18 "Pastry War"
  20. 20The Organic Bases 1841 and 1843There were two different Organic Bases that modified the Constitution of 1835 (Seven Laws) and ended Anastasio Bustamante's presidency:
    a) 1841 (Tacubaya) - Federal regime
    b) 1843 - Central regime led by Santa Anna    The Organic Bases 1841 and 1843
  21. 21U.S. - MEXICO WAR 1846 - 1848 CAUSESMexico had not recognized the Independence of Texas
    US expansion policy
    (Manifest Destiny, President Polk)
    Mexican troops in Texas caused the US to declare War    U.S. - MEXICO WAR 1846 - 1848 CAUSES
  22. 22US - MEXICO WAR BATTLES AND CONSEQUENCESGeneral Scott took Veracruz & Puebla
    Mexico's forces were divided - between centralists and federalists
    The US army took Mexico City in 1847
    Santa Anna was defeated
    Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848
    Mexico lost half of its territory    US - MEXICO WAR BATTLES AND CONSEQUENCES
  23. 23Antonio López de Santa Anna His HighnessSanta Anna came back to power after the loss of the US-Mexico war
    He suspended the Constitution and declared himself a dictator in 1853    Antonio López de Santa Anna His Highness
  24. 24The Ayutla Revolution against Santa AnnaLead by Juan Álvarez
    with a group of liberals that came back from exile:
    Melchor Ocapmo, Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, Benito Juárez
    Ends Santa Anna dictatorship
    Elections for a Constitutional Congress    The Ayutla Revolution against Santa Anna
  25. 25The liberal Program Juan Álvarez Ignacio ComonfortAs the new Constitutional Congress deliberated, the governments of Juan Álvarez and Ignacio Comonfort promulgated the first liberal laws:
    Juárez Law
    Iglesias Law
    Lerdo Law    The liberal Program Juan Álvarez Ignacio Comonfort
  26. 26JUÁREZ LAW After Benito JuárezAbolished privileges and exemptions of the Church and the militaryJUÁREZ LAW After Benito Juárez
  27. 27IGLESIAS LAW After José María IglesiasEliminated the government obligation to demand the payment of the tithe (diezmo) to the Church
    Tithe or diezmo = 1/10 of people's income    IGLESIAS LAW After José María Iglesias
  28. 28LERDO LAW After Miguel Lerdo de Tejada (brother of Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada)Promoted the sale of lands owned by religious and civil corporations (ejidos)LERDO LAW After Miguel Lerdo de Tejada (brother of Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada)
  29. 29—On February 5th, 1857 a new Constitution was promulgated
    1. Federal Republic
    2. Individual guarantees: liberty, property
    3. Recognized Catholicism, but allowed for religious tolerance    On February 5th, 1857 a new Constitution was promulgated 1. Federal Republic 2. Individual guarantees: liberty, property 3. Recognized Ca...
  30. 30REFORMA WAR or War of Three Years 1858-1861The liberal Constitution of 1857 caused disagreement among the conservative groups (Church, military, landowners)
    Ignacio Comonfort pacted the cancellation of the Constitution (Tacubaya Plan)
    Juárez fights to defend the Constitution    REFORMA WAR or War of Three Years 1858-1861
  31. 31—The fight between Liberals and Conservatives
    Liberal side - Benito Juárez, establishes his government in Veracruz
    Conservative side - Féliz Zuloaga and Miguel Miramón in Mexico City    The fight between Liberals and Conservatives Liberal side - Benito Juárez, establishes his government in Veracruz Conservative side - Fél...
  32. 32—In Veracruz, Juárez promotes a series of laws that seek to complete the Liberal Reform:
    1. Separation of State and Church
    2. Civil Registry and Calendar
    3. Religious freedom
    4. Nationalization of Church property    In Veracruz, Juárez promotes a series of laws that seek to complete the Liberal Reform: 1. Separation of State and Church 2. Civil Regist...
  33. 33Second French Intervention 1861-1867Juárez won the Reform War
    1861 - Juárez suspended all the debt payments to foreign countries
    1862 - Spain, UK and France landed in Veracruz, only the French stayed
    5 de mayo - Battle of Puebla
    1863- The French took Mexico City, Juárez exiled in El Paso & Chihuahua    Second French Intervention 1861-1867
  34. 34Second Empire Maximilian I 1864-1867The Conservatives negotiated with the Vatican and France the creation of a European Monarchy in Mexico
    1864 - Maximilian of Habsburg was declared Emperor of Mexico, supported by the French troops of Napoleon III    Second Empire Maximilian I 1864-1867
  35. 35End of the Maximilian Empire and the Second French Intervention 18671867 - France started war with Prusia
    - The US Civil War came to an end and supported Juárez
    - The French government retired its troops
    - Maximilian I was left alone
    - The liberals defeated the conservatives and executed Maximilian in QRO.    End of the Maximilian Empire and the Second French Intervention 1867
  36. 36—The Restored Republic
    1867-1876
    Period in which Juárez gets back to power in 1867 until Porifirio Díaz becomes president in 1876    The Restored Republic 1867-1876 Period in which Juárez gets back to power in 1867 until Porifirio Díaz becomes president in 1876
  37. 37—In the 1871 elections, Juárez did not obtain a clear majority against Lerdo de Tejada and Porifiro Díaz
    Díaz started an uprising (Noria Plan) but he was defeated    In the 1871 elections, Juárez did not obtain a clear majority against Lerdo de Tejada and Porifiro Díaz Díaz started an uprising (Noria P...
  38. 38Porfirio Díaz reaches the Presidency 18761872 - Juárez died without finishing his presidential period
    Lerdo de Tejada substituted him
    1875 - Lerdo de Tejada won the elections, but José María Iglesias and Porfirio Díaz denounced fraud
    1876 - Díaz takes power through the Tuxtepec Plan    Porfirio Díaz reaches the Presidency 1876

Informações

Descrição
Main events and processes during the XIX century in Mexico
Criado por
Paola Vizcaino
Visualizações
855
Avaliação
Avaliação média 5,0 de 5 (1 avaliação)

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