Flashcards
BMS07-1032-Integration of Metabolism 1-The Fed State
Flashcards do conjunto (20)
- 1W2-4 hours after a meal
- 2In the fed state, there is a high ...to... ratio There is an increase in ..., ..., and .... There is synthesis of ..., ..., and ...Insulin: glucagon ratio
Blood glucose, amino acids, chylomicrons
Glycogen, TAG, protein - 3In the liver during the fed state, ... and .... occurGlycolysis turns glucose to acetyl CoA for lipid synthesis
Glycogen synthesis - 4When glycogen synthase/phosphorylase is not phosphorylated, what is activated/inactivated? What does this lead to?Glycogen synthase activated, phosphorylase inactivated
Leads to synthesis of glycogen - 5What happens to fat metabolism during the fed state? How is fatty acid oxidation lowered?1. Acetyl CoA carboxylase is activated
2. Fatty acid/TAG synthesis
Malonyl CoA from FA synthesis inhibits carnitine transferase, which is essential for FA oxidation - 6Glucose transport in the RBC/Brain is .... because they rely on glucose for fuelInsulin independent
- 7What transporters are increased during the fed state in muscles? What is activated? What uptake also increases to increase protein synthesis?GLUT 4 glucose transporters
Glycogen synthase activated
Amino acid - 8What occurs in adipose tissue during the fed state?1. Lipoprotein lipase activated to increase breakdown of TAG for resynthesis into TAG in storage
2. Increased GLUT4 - 9Alpha cells in the islets of langerhans secrete... This is stimulated by....Glucagon
Low blood glucose, Increased AA in blood (fine tuning), adrenaline - 10What are the effects of glucagon in terms of: 1. Fuel 2. Blood glucose 3. Liver usage of glucose/AA 4. Adipose tissue/FA oxidation1. Mobilise fuel
2. Maintain blood glucose
3. Increase cAMP to activate gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis/increase AA uptake in liver
4. Increase FA release in adipose tissue+activate FA oxidation/ketone body formation in liver - 11What do B cells secrete? What is this regulated by? What is this stimulated by?1. Insulin
2. High insulin causes down regulation of receptors (-tive feedback)
3. Rise in AA in blood, Increase in blood glucose, Glucagon (fine tuning), Gut hormones - 12How is insulin created and secreted from the B cell?1. Rise in blood glucose/AA leads to increased ATP in B cell
2. K+ channel closes
3. Ca2+ channel opens
4. Ca2+ causes exocytosis of insulin
5. Proinsulin cleaved to insulin+C peptide - 13What are the effects of insulin in terms of: 1. Food storage 2. AA 3. Glycogen/glucose 4. FA 5. Cellular effects1. Up Food storage
2. AA uptake/synthesis
3. Glycogen synthesis (dephosphorylates glucagon phosphorylase/synthase)
4. FA synthesis
5. Activate Akt - 14What type of receptor is Akt?Tyrosine kinase receptor
- 15What are the effects of Akt?1. Translocate GLUT4 to increase glucose transport to muscle/adipose
2. Inhibit glycogen synthase kinase, which normally inactivates glycogen synthase by phosphorylating it
3. Inhibits lipolysis by phosphorylating phosphodiesterase so PKA ISNT activated=no lipase activation
4. Activates RAS which is phosphorylated to MEK kinase-->MAPK-->gene expression changes - 16What causes changes in metabolism?1. Changes in enzymes synthesis
2. Covalent modification of enzymes
3. Amount of substrate available
4. Allosteric effects on enzymes (eg. phosphorylation) - 17Which are the 4 HYPERglycaemic hormones? (increase blood glucose levels)1. Glucagon
2. Growth hormone
3. Cortisol
4. Adrenaline - 18What is the only HYPOglycaemic hormone?Insulin
- 19What does adrenaline do in terms of: 1. Fuel 2. Glucose/glycogen 3. FA1. Mobilise fuel
2. Increase glycogenolysis in the liver
3. FA release from adipose - 20What does cortisol do in terms of: 1. AA 2. Glucose/glycogen 3. FALong term effects on
1. Increase AA mobilisation in muscle
2. Increase gluconeogenesis
3. Increase FA release from adipose tissue
Informações
- Descrição
- BMS07 - Metabolism FlashCards sobre BMS07-1032-Integration of Metabolism 1-The Fed State , criado por Evian Chai em 30-04-2020.
- Criado por
- Evian Chai
- Visualizações
- 30
- Tags
- Avaliação