Flashcards
Perception- lecture 9
Flashcards do conjunto (31)
- 1In perception, who first broke things down into elements and process?James Gibson (1966)
- 2What did James Gibson say about perception?Informational medium carries information about a
distal object to a person. When the person’s sense receptors pick up the
information, proximal stimulation occurs and the person perceives an object - 3Light waves, sound waves and vibrations are all examples of incoming data that are in which type of processing?Bottom-up processing
- 4Who first emphasized the role of context, what was the experiment and what did they find?Palmer (1975)- Object naming experiment, Best performance for items that
matched the cued context showing that knowledge of the context
influenced perception - 5Simons and Chabris (1999) showed the importance of what?Attention with the gorilla experiment!
- 6Explain the processes involved in low-level perception-Light waves come in - past the
transparent cornea
-A particular amount of light is
let in by the pupil
-The lens adjusts in shape to focus this light onto the
retina at the back of the eye and keep
things nice and sharp= retinal image - 7What are the two types of visual receptor cells in the retina? How many of each?Rods (125 million- movement and dim light + cones (6 million- colour and sharpness)
- 8We can pass light through a single cone and calculate the spectral absorption of different wavelengths, this is called?Microspectrophometry technique
- 9What theory states that we have 3 types of cone receptor?Trichromacy theory
- 10Name the colour that each wavelight length is sensitive to.... short, medium, longShort- blue, Medium- Yellow/green, Long- Orange/red
- 112 pathways within the retina?Magnocellular (M) pathway
most sensitive to movement, input
from rods
Parvocellular (P) pathway
most sensitive to colour and fine
details, input from cones - 12How does information move from the eye to the visual cortexoptic nerve and tract
and the lateral geniculate nucleus
(part of the thalamus) - 13V1 is then split into two streams, these are?Dorsal Stream
•“How” stream
•M pathway
•Motion processing
Ventral Stream
•“What” stream
•P pathway
•Form and colour processing - 14Name the parts of the brain associated with the dorsal and ventral streams?Dorsal- parietal and ventral- Infero-temporal cortex
- 15Name the things that v3, v4 and v5 processv3- form V4- colour, v5- motion
- 16Who came up with functional specialization and what does it say?(Zeki, 1993, 2001)- different cortical areas
are specialised for different
visual functions. Assumes colour, form and
motion are processed seperately - 17What happens if you give someone Achromatopsia (lesion their v4)? What does this tell us in relation to zeki's theory?Impaired colour perception, motion and motion intact, however not everyone is the same
- 18Name an experiment that gives evidence for functional neuroimagingGoddard et al., 2011- black and white clips of a film, activates v4 for colour clips
- 19Whos research suggests that our system is tuned to code specific feature characteristics? Describe itHubel & Wiesel, 1962- recording of cats
visual cortex
• Identified cells that responded
selectively to stimuli moving
across the visual field with a
particular orientation - 20Deciding which features belong together and form objects was advanced with the help of which branch of psychological thinking?Gestalt- The whole is more than the sum of its parts
- 21Name factors that influence how we decide which features belong together and form objectsFigure ground segregation, proximity, symmetry, continuity, similarity, uniform correctedness
- 22'Of all the possible ways of interpreting a display, we opt for the simplest and most stable shape or form' is what?law of prägnanz
- 23How do we know that object recognition is fast?Thorpe et al (1996) ERP experiment
• Image presented for 20 ms - “Animal present?” judgment - 24Which cells in the visual cortex respond to HIGH spatial frequency and LOW spatial frequency information?LOW SF processed via FAST magnocellular
pathway
HIGH SF processed via SLOWER parvocellular pathway - 25Name a supporting study for high and low SFCategorisation study (Musel et al., 2012)- How fast can you identify outdoor scenes. Blurred to sharp was fastest. So low SF is processed faster.
- 26What are the two types of visual agnosia?-Apperceptive= deficit in perceptual processing
-Associative= perceptual deficit is not primary
(i.e., can copy images fine) - 27Name an influential cognitive model of object recognition by Selfridge and Neisser (1960)Template Matching Theory
- 28Name 3 evaluation points for the Template Matching TheoryWould require huge computational power
Only works in restricted scenarios (can't cope with novel stimuli)
Looser versions of the TMT have been successful for computer vision for restricted tasks - 29Name the 4 categorical levels of recognitionSuper-ordinate, basic, subordinate, unique exemplar
- 30Name a couple of studies that show innate preference for faces in babiesJohnson (91)- paddle study
Meltzoff & Moore, 1977, 1983)- imitate facial expression - 31Name the thing these parts of the brain correspond to: -Inferior occipital gyri -Superior temporal sulcus (STS) Lateral fusiform gyrusInferior occipital gyri = Early processing
Superior temporal sulcus (STS) = Changable aspects of faces
Lateral fusiform gyrus = Identity
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- Bachelors Degree Psychology FlashCards sobre Perception- lecture 9, criado por Lee Casey em 27-04-2016.
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- Lee Casey
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