Flashcards
Memory keywords
Flashcards do conjunto (27)
- 1MemoryCOLLECTION OF INFORMATION stored in the brain
- 2CapacityThe AMOUNT of information that can be held in a memory store
- 3CodingThe FORMAT in which information is stored in the various memory stores
- 4DurationThe LENGTH OF TIME information can be held in memory
- 5Short term memory storeLimited capacity (7+- 2 items)
Coded acoustically
Duration = 30 seconds - 6Long term memory storePermanent duration - up to a lifetime
Coded semantically (meaning)
Unlimited capacity - 7Multi-store modelA theory of how memory works in terms of 3 stores (sensory register, short term memory store, long term memory store).
It describes how information is transferred from store to store and how things are remembered and forgotten. - 8Sensory registerStore for each of our 5 SENSES
Vision = iconic store (visual coding)
Hearing = echoic store (acoustic coding)
Capacity of store is HUGE
SHORT duration - 9Episodic memoryLong term store for personal events e.g. a birthday party or a wedding
- 10Semantic memoryLong term store for our knowledge of the world. Facts like the capital of countries, meanings of words, etc.
- 11Procedural memoryLong term memory store for our knowledge of how to do something e.g. ride a bike, bake a cake. Things we remember with little conscious effort
- 12The working memory modelA theory of short term memory. suggests STM is a dynamic processor of different types of info using sub-units coordinated by a central decision-making system
- 13Central executiveThe component of the WMM that co ordinates the activites of the 3 subsystems, it also allocates processing resources to those activites
- 14Phonological loopComponent of WMM that processes information in terms of sound. This includes written and spoken material. Divided into phonological store and articulatory process
- 15Visuo spacial sketchpadComponent of the WMM that processes visual and spacial information
- 16Episodic bufferComponent of the WMM that brings together material from the other subsystems into a single memory rather than separate strands. Provides a bridge between long term and short term memory
- 17InterferenceForgetting because one memory blocks another, causing one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten
- 18Proactive interferenceForgetting when OLDER memories DISRUPT NEWER memories
- 19Retroactive interferenceForgetting when NEWER memories disrupt OLDER memories
- 20Retrieval failureForm of forgetting
Occurs when we don't have the cues we need to access the memory
The memory is still available, but can only be retrieved when a suitable cue is provided - 21CueA 'trigger' of information allowing us to access a memory.
Cues may be linked directly or indirectly.
Cues may be external (environmental e.g. go downstairs to remember what you went up for) or internal (mood or degree of drunkenness e.g. learning on antihistamine drugs and recalling on them) - 22Eyewitness testimonyAbility of people to remember the detail of event e.g. accidents and crimes that have been observed
Accuracy of eyewitness testimony can be affected by factors e.g. misleading info, leading questions and anxiety - 23Misleading informationIncorrect information given to the eyewitness usually after the event. E.g. leading questions, post event discussion between co witnesses and other people
- 24Leading questionA question which, because of the way its phrased, SUGGESTS A CERTAIN ANSWER. E.g. 'Was the knife in the accused left hand?'
This suggests the answer if 'left hand'. - 25Post event discussionOccurs when there's more than one witness to an event.
Witnesses may discuss what they've seen with co-witnesses or with other people.
This may influence witness recall - 26AnxietyState of emotional and physical arousal
Worried thoughts and feelings of tension
Increased heart rate and sweatiness
Anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of eyewitness testimony - 27Cognitive interviewMethod of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate memories
Uses 4 techniques: report everything, reinstate context, change perspective, reverse the order
Informações
- Descrição
- A-Level Psychology Year 1 (Memory) FlashCards sobre Memory keywords, criado por Mollie Thompson em 03-05-2016.
- Criado por
- Mollie Thompson
- Visualizações
- 14
- Tags
- Avaliação