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Flashcards

Unit 7 - Cranium and Vertebral Column

RadTech Fairy Image Evaluation ARRT Inglês 74 flashcards 2.543 visualizações

Unit 7 - Cranium and Vertebral Column

Flashcards do conjunto (74)

  1. 1AP axial cervical spine evaluation criteriaC3-C7 visible
    no rotation
    spinous processes lined up to midsagittal plane (MSP)
    SC joints are symmetric and equidistant from spine
    mastoid tips are equidistant from spine    AP axial cervical spine evaluation criteria
  2. 2—chin depressed over C3chin depressed over C3
  3. 3—rotation to the leftrotation to the left
  4. 4Oblique C-Spine evaluation criteriaRAO and LAO show IVF closest to IR
    RPO and LPO show IVF farther from IR
    open IVF
    pedicles in profile    Oblique C-Spine evaluation criteria
  5. 5—no cephalic angleno cephalic angle
  6. 6—underrotationunderrotation
  7. 7—overrotationoverrotation
  8. 8Lateral C-Spine evaluation criteriaall 7 vertebrae are visible
    spinous processes in profile
    right and left zygapophyseal joints (z. jt.) and articular pillars are superimposed
    posterior arch and spinous process of C2 are in profile
    intervertebral disk spaces open    Lateral C-Spine evaluation criteria
  9. 9—mandibular rami are not superimposed: pt. rotated
    articular pillars and z. jt.s are separated: pt. head tilted away from IR    mandibular rami are not superimposed: pt. rotated articular pillars and z. jt.s are separated: pt. head tilted away from IR
  10. 10—base of skull and sella turcica coned off
    z. jt.s closed: rotation    base of skull and sella turcica coned off z. jt.s closed: rotation
  11. 11—mandible not superimposed: head is tilted
    z. jt.s are separated    mandible not superimposed: head is tilted z. jt.s are separated
  12. 12—C7 is invisible behind the shadow of the shoulders - give pt weights to relax shoulders downC7 is invisible behind the shadow of the shoulders - give pt weights to relax shoulders down
  13. 13AP Open Mouth evaluation criteriaatlas and axis, ondontoid, lateral masses of C1, and z. jt.s of C1-C2 are well visualized without superimpositionAP Open Mouth evaluation criteria
  14. 14—teeth are superimposed over the dens: head is tilted forwardteeth are superimposed over the dens: head is tilted forward
  15. 15—base of the skull superimposes the dens: head is extended too farbase of the skull superimposes the dens: head is extended too far
  16. 16—dens is situated to the left of the MSP: pt's head is rotated towards the rightdens is situated to the left of the MSP: pt's head is rotated towards the right
  17. 17AP Thoracic Spine evaluation criteriaall 12 thoracic vertebrae are visible with no rotation, flexion, extension, or tilt
    collimation is evident
    exposure is taken after expiration to reduce lung volume and create more uniform density
    patient positioned so the thorax is under the cathode side of the beam (annode-heel effect)*    AP Thoracic Spine evaluation criteria
  18. 18—exposure was taken on full inspiration: lung fields are overexposed and density is not well distributedexposure was taken on full inspiration: lung fields are overexposed and density is not well distributed
  19. 19—intervertebral joint spaces are obscured: pt's legs/knees were extended when they should've been flexedintervertebral joint spaces are obscured: pt's legs/knees were extended when they should've been flexed
  20. 20Lateral T-Spine Evaluation Criteriathoracic bodies of T4-T12 are seen with open IVF and no rotation
    *exposure taken using a breathing technique to blur out the ribs and lung markings    Lateral T-Spine Evaluation Criteria
  21. 21—ribs are not blurred out: inadequate breathing technique
    lower thoracic vertebral bodies are obscured: pt's hips were not supported so spine is curved laterally    ribs are not blurred out: inadequate breathing technique lower thoracic vertebral bodies are obscured: pt's hips were not supported so sp...
  22. 22—posterior ribs and vertebral bodies aren't superimposed: pt rotatedposterior ribs and vertebral bodies aren't superimposed: pt rotated
  23. 23Swimmer's Lateral T-Spine Evaluation CriteriaC5-T3 included
    humerus should be above head and aligned with vertebral column
    humerus away from IR should be anterior to spine
    intervertebral disk spaces should be open    Swimmer's Lateral T-Spine Evaluation Criteria
  24. 24—acceptable
    (bontrager's demonstration picture)    acceptable (bontrager's demonstration picture)
  25. 25—posterior ribs and vertebral bodies aren't superimposed: patient is rotatedposterior ribs and vertebral bodies aren't superimposed: patient is rotated
  26. 26—intervertebral disk spaces closed: c-spine is not parallel to IRintervertebral disk spaces closed: c-spine is not parallel to IR
  27. 27AP Lumbar evaluation criteriaT12-sacrum are included
    intervertebral disk spaces are opened
    patient positioned with knees and hips flexed
    sacrum/coccyx centered to MSP and pelvic inlet    AP Lumbar evaluation criteria
  28. 28—spinous processes are shifted to the right of the midline and the sacrum/coccyx shifted to the right of MSP: patient's hips rotated towards the leftspinous processes are shifted to the right of the midline and the sacrum/coccyx shifted to the right of MSP: patient's hips rotated towar...
  29. 29extreme scoliosisslight scoliosisextreme scoliosisextreme scoliosis
  30. 30—intervertebral disk spaces are closed: the knees and hips need to be flexedintervertebral disk spaces are closed: the knees and hips need to be flexed
  31. 31Oblique Lumbar evaluation criteriascotty dogs should be visible
    open z. jts
    LPO and RPO show the z jt closest to IR
    LAO and RAO show the z jt farther from IR    Oblique Lumbar evaluation criteria
  32. 32—Scottie DogScottie Dog
  33. 33—underrotationunderrotation
  34. 34—overrotationoverrotation
  35. 35Lateral Lumbar evaluation criteriaopen intervertebral foramina (IVF)
    open intervertebral disk spaces    Lateral Lumbar evaluation criteria
  36. 36—intervertebral disk spaces closed - hips/waist was not supportedintervertebral disk spaces closed - hips/waist was not supported
  37. 37L5-S1 spot evaluation criterialumbosacral joint open
    IVF clearly demonstrated
    right/left pedicles superimposed    L5-S1 spot evaluation criteria
  38. 38—iliac wings are not superimposed - pelvis is tilted from being unsupportediliac wings are not superimposed - pelvis is tilted from being unsupported
  39. 39—femoral heads aren't superimposed: pelvis is rotatedfemoral heads aren't superimposed: pelvis is rotated
  40. 40PA Skull 0 degrees evaluation criteriapetrous ridges fill the orbits
    orbits are symmetric and equidistant from MSP    PA Skull 0 degrees evaluation criteria
  41. 41—petrous ridges aren't filling the orbits
    chin isn't tucked enough to get OML perpendicular to IR    petrous ridges aren't filling the orbits chin isn't tucked enough to get OML perpendicular to IR
  42. 42—petrous ridges are seen above the orbital rims
    chin is tucked too much - OML isn't perpendicular    petrous ridges are seen above the orbital rims chin is tucked too much - OML isn't perpendicular
  43. 43PA Caldwell 15 evaluation criteriapetrous ridges are seen within lower 1/3 of orbits
    OML is perpendicular to IR    PA Caldwell 15 evaluation criteria
  44. 44—CR angle was 15 cephalic: orbits are magnified, skull is foreshortened
    *in trauma cases this is acceptable*    CR angle was 15 cephalic: orbits are magnified, skull is foreshortened *in trauma cases this is acceptable*
  45. 45—head is tilted
    petrous ridges are below orbital floors: CR was angled too caudal    head is tilted petrous ridges are below orbital floors: CR was angled too caudal
  46. 46AP Axial Towne Method evaluation criteriadorsum sellae is seen within the foramen magnum
    petrous pyramids are symmetric    AP Axial Towne Method evaluation criteria
  47. 47—dorsum sellae is off center to the right: patient's face is turned to the leftdorsum sellae is off center to the right: patient's face is turned to the left
  48. 48—dorsum sellae is not within foramen magnum
    head is not flexed enough OR we need more tube angle    dorsum sellae is not within foramen magnum head is not flexed enough OR we need more tube angle
  49. 49—posterior arch of C1 is seen within foramen magnum: head is over flexed, OR the tube angle is too caudalposterior arch of C1 is seen within foramen magnum: head is over flexed, OR the tube angle is too caudal
  50. 50Lateral Skull evaluation criteriasuperimposed facial bones
    sella turcica and clivus are in profile    Lateral Skull evaluation criteria
  51. 51—structures aren't superimposed vertically
    TILT    structures aren't superimposed vertically TILT
  52. 52—facial features aren't superimposed horizontally
    ROTATION    facial features aren't superimposed horizontally ROTATION
  53. 53Parietoacanthial Waters Modified and Transoral evaluation criteriaPETROUS RIDGES ARE BELOW THE MAXILLARY SINUSES
    facial features and sinuses are symmetric
    no rotation
    SPHENOID sinus is best viewed on the transoral projection
    MML or LML perpendicular to IR    Parietoacanthial Waters Modified and Transoral evaluation criteria
  54. 54—since this is a modified waters view, it's okay that the petrous ridges are within the maxillary sinuses
    *acceptable image*    since this is a modified waters view, it's okay that the petrous ridges are within the maxillary sinuses *acceptable image*
  55. 55—standard PA waters:
    -petrous ridges are within the maxillary sinuses: MML is not perpendicular to IR
    -head must be extended backward    standard PA waters: -petrous ridges are within the maxillary sinuses: MML is not perpendicular to IR -head must be extended backward
  56. 56—transoral waters:
    petrous ridges are low, and upper teeth are in maxillary sinuses
    head is overextended - flex head forward to bring MML perpendicular to IR    transoral waters: petrous ridges are low, and upper teeth are in maxillary sinuses head is overextended - flex head forward to bring MML ...
  57. 57if a patient is rotated with the right side more anterior on the AP C-spine, which SC joint will be lying more over the spine?Right SC joint
    *side closest to IR will be open*
  58. 58Which positioning line is used to position the head for the AP c-spine?AML
  59. 59On this oblique of the c-spine you will see the IVF closest to the IRRAO/LAO
  60. 60On this oblique of the l-spine, you will see the zygapophyseal joints of the side closest to the IRRPO/LPO
  61. 61On this view of the t-spine you will see the zygapophyseal jointsLateral
  62. 62On this oblique of the l-spine, you will see the zygapophyseal joints on the side farthest from the IRRAO/LAO
  63. 63On this oblique of the c-spine you will see the IVF farthest from the IRRPO/LPO
  64. 64Which direction will you angle the CR for an AP oblique c-spine?15-20 cephalic
  65. 65Which direction will you angle the CR for a PA oblique c-spine?15-20 caudal
  66. 66For an oblique c-spine, the _________ obliques provide less absorbed dose to the thyroid glandanterior
  67. 67how can you determine if there was a tube angle on an oblique c-spine projection?the disc spaces will be open but the IVF will be closed
  68. 68On a lateral c-spine, if the head is tilted towards the IR we will see the ....vertebral foramen of C1
  69. 69On a lateral c-spine, if the head is tilted away from the IR, we will see .....posterior arch of C1 still in profile, but the rami of the mandible are not superimposed and the base of the skull
  70. 70On the AP open mouth projection of the c-spine, the teeth are superimposing the dens. How do we correct this problem on the repeat image?extend head back
  71. 71On the AP open mouth projection of the c-spine, the base of the skull is superimposing the dens. What will we do on the repeat?flex head forward
  72. 72how can you determine which side was rotated more anteriorly on a lateral lumbar/lateral L5-S1?the femoral heads should be superimposed.
    The side that is farther from the IR will be more magnified
    if the magnified femoral head is more anterior, the patient is rotated
  73. 73There's trauma and you need to do a PA Caldwell skull projection. You can't get the OML perpendicular to the IR because of the C-collar. What will you do?angle your CR perpendicular to the OML, (caudal if PA, cephalic if AP)
    then add an additional 7 degrees to the tube angle
  74. 74—

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ARRT Image Evaluation FlashCards sobre Unit 7 - Cranium and Vertebral Column, criado por RadTech Fairy em 11-04-2017.
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RadTech Fairy
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