Quiz
Language Disorders 2
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Questions in this quiz (43)
1What is the goal of clinical aphasia treatment?
- AReduce symptoms
- BOptimise their communication
- CFocus on restoring brain function
- DInhibit neuroplasticity
- EDiagnose syndromes
2Whose model can be considered a cognitive model?
- AWernicke
- BBroca
- CLichtheim
3What is true of cognitive models in general?
- ACapture key features of the phenomenon
- BChoose how the represent the phenomenon
- CRepresent all aspects of the phenomenon
- DAim to create a comprehensive picture of the phenomenon
4What do general psychological models do?
- ADescribe organisation or underlying mechanisms of a behaviour/s
- BIn a way that allows them to be tested
- CChoose how to represent the phenomenon
- DCapture key features of the phenomenon
5What is the strongest evidence for the separateness of two components within a cognitive model?
- ADouble dissociation
- BSingle dissociation
- CSynthesis
- DRandomised Control Trial (RCT)
6What is cognitive neuropsychology?
- AUses patterns of impairment in brain injured people to infer models of unimpaired cognitive processes
- BUses cognitive models to try to understand the pattern of impairments in people with brain injury
- CUses cognitive models of brain injured people to infer cognitive models of unimpaired processes
7Cognitive models aim to treat:
- AThe symptom
- BThe cognitive process
- CThe brain region
- DIndividuals
- EGroups
8There is a double-dissociation involving:
- ABroca's aphasia
- BWernicke's aphasia
- CConduction aphasia
9What is true of Anomia?
- AImpaired word retrieval
- BImpaired word recognition
- CCaused by stroke
- DHas multiple causes
- EErrors are informative
10What is true of Anomia elicited by cortical stimulation?
- APioneered by Penfield and Roberts
- BDone by Ojemann et al
- CStimulating just a small area was enough to interrupt picture naming
- DStimulates areas of exposed brain
- EPicture naming not disrupted until multiple sites disrupted in series
- FPicture naming not disrupted until multiple sites disrupted simultaneously
11How does Anomia elicited by cortical stimulation differ from Dronkers et al?
- ALots of variability in which sites interfered with picture naming
- BNo single area in common across all individuals
- CGreater focus on white matter
- DGreater focus on Wernicke's area
- EGreater focus on Broca's areas
12What does anomia by cortical stimulation tell us about picture naming?
- AThere are multiple cognitive processes involved
- BIt has a double dissociation with reading
- CIt is a simple, single-process action
13Interrupting [blank_start]any one[blank_end] of the cognitive processes involved in anomia was enough to stop picture naming
- Aany one
- Ball
- Ctwo
14Which areas interrupted picture naming for most people?
- AMotor cortex
- BPremotor cortex
- CBroca's area
- DParts of Wernicke's area
- EHippocampus
- FThalamus
- GParietal lobe
15Errors:
1. [blank_start]Semantic[blank_end]= errors are semantically related to the target
2. [blank_start]Phonological[blank_end]= errors are related to the target in sound
3. [blank_start]Unrelated[blank_end]= no clear connection to the target word
4. [blank_start]Circumlocution[blank_end]= describing the target
5. [blank_start]No response[blank_end]
6. [blank_start]Perseveration[blank_end]= getting stuck on same response- ASemantic
- BPhonological
- CUnrelated
- DCircumlocution
- ENo response
- FPerseveration
- GNetwork
- HAuditory
- IVisual
16The current cognitive model of language includes the structures:
- ALexical semantics
- BPhonological output lexicon
- CPhonemes
- DLexicon
17Semantic errors with good writing and reading & listening comprehension indicate a problem at the level of:
- ALexical semantics
- BPhonological output lexicon
- CPhonemes
- DGraphemes
18Semantic errors with problems in writing and reading & listening comprehension indicate a problem at the level of:
- ALexical semantics
- BPhonological output lexicon
- CPhonemes
- DGraphemes
19What is true of aphasia incidence and course post-stroke?
- A21-38% have aphasia after acute stroke
- BRecovery post-stroke is very predictable
- CChronic deficits are rare
- DNew connections are more important than using pre-existing networks
20Chronic deficits depend on:
- ASize of the lesion
- BLocation of the lesion
- CDamage to critical language processing areas
- DTime left untreated
21[blank_start]More[blank_end] recovery= using pre-existing language networks
[blank_start]Less[blank_end] recovery= sprouting/forming new connections- AMore
- BLess
- CLess
- DMore
22What is true of immediate post-stroke Aphasia treatment?
- ATrying to restore blood flow to ischaemic areas
- BFirst hours after stroke are important
- CNeed to treat stroke in acute phase
- DNeed to treat stroke in subacute phase
- ENeed to increase blood flow to haemorrhagic areas
23What is true of the stroke Penumbra?
- AAreas surrounding infarct
- BSurviving but not functioning as well as usual
- CCritical period aims to promote survival of penumbral cells
- DCan help to restore blood flow to the infarcted areas in the first hours post-stroke
- EAre infarcted
- FNeed to be treated eventually
24Cell death occurs at __% blood flow
- A10%
- B20%
- C50%
- D1%
- E15%
25How is aphasia treated after stroke?
- AIntravenous thrombolytic agents
- BShort-term elevation of blood pressure
- CMechanical restoration of blood flow
- DAnti-hypertensive medications
- EHypolipidaemic medications
26How do intravenous thromobolytic agents treat aphasia?
- AIdeally used within 3 hours of stroke
- BWidens blood vessels
- CReduces blood flow
- DLong-term treatment
27How does short-term elevation of blood pressure treat aphasia?
- ANeeds to be used within 12 hours of stroke onset
- BNot always possible
- CIdeally disperses the clot
- DCould move a blockage out of a smaller vessel into a bigger vessel
28How does mechanical restoration of blood flow treat aphasia?
- Aeg stent, bypass
- BMore long-term
- CMust be used within 12 hours of stroke onset
- DIdeally used within 3 hours of stroke onset
- Eeg could move a blockage out of a big vessel into a smaller, less important vessel
29Pharmacological treatments should be used in conjunction with speech therapy
- ATrue
- BFalse
30Pharmacological treatments promote which systems?
- AGlutaminergic
- BCatecholaminergic
- CCholinergic
- DDopaminergic
- ESerotonin
31Most promising aphasia drugs:
Donepezil = [blank_start]AChe inhibitor[blank_end]
Memantine= [blank_start]NMDA receptor antagonist[blank_end]
[blank_start]Vasopressin[blank_end] hormone
But all need to be used alongside [blank_start]speech therapy[blank_end] and need further research- AAChe inhibitor
- BNMDA receptor antagonist
- CVasopressin
- Dspeech therapy
- E5-HT agonist
- F5-HT antagonist
32What is true of Speech Language Therapy?
- ALeast commonly available treatment
- BBest outcomes from from early, intensive treatment
- CCan't treat chronic aphasia
33What did Robey (1994) find?
- AIt's more effective to do >2 hours of speech language therapy per week
- BThe same aphasia symptom can have different causes
- CSyndrome labels are very useful as shorthand for describing the general clinical picture
- DLanguage is highly left-lateralised
34Saur et al. (2006) found that there are 3 phases in brain recovery:
- AStrongly reduced activation of remaining left language areas
- BUpregulation of LH and recruitment of homologue right language zones
- CNormalisation of activation in both hemispheres
- DDownregulation of RH and recruitment of homologue left language zones
353 phases in brain recovery:
1. Strongly reduced activation of remaining left language areas= [blank_start]in acute phase[blank_end]; [blank_start]remainder of LH isn't working as hard[blank_end]
2. Upregulation of LH and recruitment of homologue right language zones= [blank_start]correlates with language improvement[blank_end]; [blank_start]RH helping to compensate[blank_end]
3. Normalisation of [blank_start]activation in both hemispheres[blank_end]- Ain acute phase
- Bremainder of LH isn't working as hard
- Ccorrelates with language improvement
- DRH helping to compensate
- Eactivation in both hemispheres
36The lesion-deficit relationship is:
- ANot precise
- BHighly predictive
- CUnknown
- DClear
37Current research is on:
- ACognitive and brain mechanisms in language processing and recovery
- BImproving communication in people with aphasia, without brain recovery
- CImproving communication in people with aphasia, with brain recovery
38What is true of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)?
- AModulates neuron excitability
- BCauses action potentials
- C2 types
- DLarge current applied to scalp
39tDCS:
Cathodal= [blank_start]negative to positive[blank_end], [blank_start]inhibitory[blank_end]
Anodal= [blank_start]positive to negative[blank_end], [blank_start]excitatory[blank_end]- Anegative to positive
- Binhibitory
- Cpositive to negative
- Dexcitatory
40tDCS involves investigation of different combinations of:
- ADuration
- BIntensity
- CElectrode placement
- DPolarity
41What is true of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?
- ASmall current
- BCauses action potentials
- CLarge current
- DInduces electrical field
42TMS:
Current in coil is [blank_start]5000[blank_end]amp
Inhibitory= [blank_start]0.5-2[blank_end] Hz
Excitatory= [blank_start]>5[blank_end] Hz
tDCS current= [blank_start]1-2[blank_end]mA- A5000
- B0.5-2
- C1-2
- D>5
43TMS can allow investigation of different combinations of:
- AFrequencies
- BIntensities
- CLocations
- DPolarity
- EElectrode placement
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- Neuropsychology (Language Disorders) Quiz on Language Disorders 2, created by Jennifer Khouw on 18/11/2018.
- Author
- Jennifer Khouw
- Language
- English
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