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2515 pt 2
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Questions in this quiz (46)
1The behaviour of telling a friend to eat at a restaurant because you have ate at the restaurant several times and it was very yummy each time is a contingency-shaped behaviour.
- ATrue
- BFalse
2The behaviour of checking the refrigerator for something to eat is rule-governed behaviour.
- ATrue
- BFalse
3Once a human has a sufficient verbal repertoire, they stop engaging in imitative behaviour.
- ATrue
- BFalse
4In regards to imitation:
- AIt is possible to train imitation as long as behaviors that are not imitative are punished
- BIt is sometimes possible to train imitation but the organism must have a respondent inclination to imitate
- CIt is possible to train imitation through reinforcement
- DIt is not possible to train imitation through reinforcement because the behavior must be spontaneous for it to be imitative
5According to Baer and Sherman (1964) generalized imitation is maintained by:
- ACorrespondence between what is observed and what is performed
- BSocial contingencies
- CThe natural contingencies that maintain the behavior in the model
- DIntermittent reinforcement
6Instructions provided to human participants can override the effects of schedules of reinforcement.
- ATrue
- BFalse
7According to the behavioral or functional account, sign language, gestures, and body movements are instances of _____.
- ANonverbal communication
- BVerbal behavior
- CCulture and tradition
- DMessage transmission
8When John says to his sister Katherine, “Could you please get me a glass of water” rather than “Get me a glass of water,” the basic unit added to his mand is called a (an):
- AAutoclitic response
- BTextual editing
- CNone of these
- DExtended tacting
9If the picture of a dog, the spoken word “dog,” and the written word dog all regulate the same behavior, we say that the stimulus classes are ______.
- AConfounded
- BEquivalent
- CThe same
- DOverlapping
10Skinner’s term “verbal behavior” refers to:
- AThe cultural phenomenon associated with a group of people and their chosen method of communication
- BAn organization of syntax, vocabulary, and meanings
- CThe set of linguistic habits that governs communication
- DThe performance of a speaker and the environmental conditions that establish and maintain such performance
11In the realm of communication, Skinner:
- AReferred to the behavior of the listener and speaker as response-governed behavior
- BReferred to the behavior of the listener and speaker as rule-governed behavior
- CReferred to behavior of the listener as rule-governed behavior and verbal behavior as the performance of the speaker
- DReferred to the behavior of the listener as response-governed behavior and verbal behavior as the performance of the speaker
12When there is point-to-point correspondence between the stimulus and response verbal behavior may be _____.
- AIntraverbal but not textual
- BEither echoic or textual
- CTextual but not echoic
- DIntraverbal
13Saying “This is a fat cat” to the spoken stimulus “This is a fat cat” is an example of a(n):
- AEchoic response
- BRepetitive response
- CIntraverbal response
- DTextual response
14Which of the following is not one of the five categories of autoclitics discussed by Skinner:
- ADescriptive
- BFormal
- CQualifying
- DQuantifying
15For a verbal response to be considered a mand there must be:
- AAn establishing operation
- BA spoken behavior
- CA direct correspondence with the environment
- DNonverbal discriminative stimuli
16A student who emits the verbal response “red” when a teacher shows a picture of a red ball and the verbal prompt “What color is the ball?” is demonstrating:
- AA tact relation
- BAn intraverbal relation
- CAn echoic relation
- DA mand relation
17A response such as “I have butterflies in my stomach” can be analyzed as _____.
- AAn Echoic
- BA Tact
- CAn Intraverbal
- DA Mand
18According to Skinner, ____ refers to getting what you want from others, and ____ refers to making contact or reference to things happening in the world.
- AManipulation; culture
- BCulture; manipulation
- CTacting; manding
- DManding; tacting
19In terms of interlocking contingencies, a vertical arrow (downward) from the speaker’s operant chain to the listener’s indicates that:
- AThe speaker is motivated to produce a condition for the listener
- BThe interaction between the speaker and listener is mutually beneficial and anticipated
- CThe listener is causally motivated to behave as the speaker requests
- DThe speaker’s behavior causes stimulation and/or reinforcement for the listener’s behavior
20There is growing evidence that stimulus equivalence and other derived stimulus relations:
- AOccur across species to roughly the same degree
- BAre largely limited to humans
- CAre limited to only a handful of species
- DOccur across species, but are more pronounced in humans
21A child reciting the provincial capitals from memory after being asked "What are the provincial capitals?" is engaging in:
- AIntraverbal behavior
- BManding
- CEchoic behavior
- DTacting
22The logical statement “If a dog is a mammal and mammals have fur, then a dog must have fur” is an example of:
- ATransitivity
- BIdentity
- CSymmetry
- DReflexivity
23John reads the sign on the road out loud to his wife as they pass by: “Trucks entering highway.” This is an example of a(n):
- AAutoclitic
- BEchoic
- CMand
- DTextual
24Which of the following exemplifies point to point correspondence?
- ASeeing the word “kangaroo” and saying the word “marsupial”
- BHearing “B” and saying “V”
- CHearing the word “stop” and then writing the word “stop”
- DSeeing the word “Site” and then writing the word “Cite”
25Which of the following exemplifies formal similarity?
- ASeeing the word “stop” and then saying the word “stop”
- BHearing someone say “play” and signing “play”
- CSeeing a picture of a tree and signing the word “tree”
- DSeeing the letter A being written and writing “A”
26When presented with the written word "Taco", Michael points to the actual taco on his plate. This exemplifies:
- ASymmetry
- BReflexivity
- CEquivalence
- DTransitivity
27Reflexive behavior is said to be _____ and _____.
- AVoluntary; inflexible
- BBuilt in; flexible
- CRespondent; emitted
- DInvoluntary; elicited
28In taste aversion studies:
- AFamiliarity has no effect on taste aversion conditioning
- BNovel tastes are more easily conditioned than familiar ones
- CNovel tastes are less easily conditioned than familiar ones
- DNovel tastes cannot be conditioned until they become familiar
29What is the relationship between adjunctive behavior and level of deprivation?
- AAdjunctive behavior is only exhibited during times of high deprivation
- BThe lower the level of deprivation, the greater the adjunctive behavior
- CThe higher the level of deprivation, the greater the adjunctive behavior
- DAdjunctive behavior is related to each organism’s predisposition to response as opposed to their level of deprivation
30In the television show The Office, Jim pranks his coworker Dwight by repeatedly playing a sound on his computer and then immediately offering Dwight a strong breath mint. After several days of this, Dwight immediately holds out his hand when the computer beeps and reports that he has a bad taste in his mouth. In this (fake) demonstration of learning:
- ABoth holding out his hand and salivating are respondent behaviors
- BBoth holding out his hand and salivating are operant behaviors
- CHolding out his hand is a respondent behavior and salivating is an operant behavior
- DHolding out his hand is an operant behavior and salivating is a respondent behavior
31After five pairings of a tone followed by the presentation of meat powder, Pavlov’s dogs are presented the tone by itself (a test trial). None of the dogs begin to salivate. In this case, the tone would best be called:
- AA conditioned stimulus
- BA neutral stimulus
- CA complex stimulus
- DAn unconditioned stimulus
32Spontaneous recovery refers to:
- AA sudden increase in the magnitude of the conditioned response that occurs randomly during acquisition training
- BAn increase in the magnitude of an unconditioned response after a period without the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus
- CThe tendency for a previously extinguished CR to appear during extinction of a new conditioned response
- DThe tendency for a previously extinct CS–CR relation to reappear after a period has elapsed since the last presentation of the CS
33A response to the CS presented in training but not to other values of the CS demonstrates:
- ASpontaneous recovery
- BRespondent discrimination
- CLatent inhibition
- DRespondent generalization
34A researcher is testing respondent conditioning by presenting a blinking red light 500 milliseconds before an electric shock. The probability of the blinking light occurring before a shock is delivered is 0.3 (3 out of 10 times). Which of the following statements is the most likely outcome for this study?
- ADue to the low contingency between the light and shock, very weak conditioning will occur
- BDue to the low contiguity between light and shock, very weak conditioning will occur
- CDue to the high contingency between light and shock, strong conditioning will occur
- DDue to the high contiguity between light and shock, strong conditioning will occur
35After several dates with Julie, Max finds that his heart rate increases slightly whenever she walks into the room. When visiting Julie’s house, Max experiences a similar increased heart rate when Julie’s twin sister walks into the room. This is an example of:
- AContiguity
- BSpontaneous recovery
- CRespondent generalization
- DRespondent discrimination
36What does the evidence suggest about the operant conditioning of reflexive behavior?
- AReflexive behavior is generally controlled by operant procedures
- BBoth reflexive behavior is hardly ever controlled by respondent procedures and reflexive behavior is generally controlled by operant procedures
- CReflexes can be conditioned by operant procedures in some circumstances
- DReflexive behavior is hardly ever controlled by respondent procedures
37 One of the following is not one of the four ways discussed in the text for pairing a CS and a US:
- ADelayed
- BOvershadowing
- CTrace
- DSimultaneous
38Which of the following statements is most consistent with the view of adjunctive behavior in humans expressed by the authors of the textbook?
- AMost studies of adjunctive behavior in humans lack sufficient control or baseline conditions to draw any conclusions about adjunctive behavior in humans
- BConvergent evidence from various species shows that interval- and time-based schedules induce excessive behavior following reinforcement
- CThere is sufficient evidence to support the occurrence of adjunctive behaviors in other species, but not in human behavior
- DThe totality of the evidence supports the hypothesis that schedules of reinforcement induce adjunctive behavior in humans
39The fundamental distinction between respondent and operant conditioning is:
- AWhether the conditioning involved the correlation of stimuli or a contingency between response and consequence
- BWhether the response involves skeletal muscles or glands
- CWhether the response is an automatic response or one that is conditional on a stimulus
- DWhether the contingency involves the whole organism or whether only certain muscles/glands are activated
40To do away with an unwanted CR one should:
- APresent the CR without the US
- BPresent the CS without the CR
- CPresent the US without the CS
- DPresent the CS without the US
41Behaviour Analysts suggest that many overdoses may be the result of:
- AA failure of tolerance due to the absence of the CS
- BTaking too much of the drug
- CA failure of tolerance due to a CR that is opposite the effect of the UR
- DA failure of tolerance due to the absence of the US
42George is using a conditioning procedure where a light is turned on for one second. 250 milliseconds before the light is turned off, a brief puff of air is blown into the eye of his participants. This is an example of:
- ADelay conditioning
- BBackward conditioning
- CSimultaneous conditioning
- DTrace conditioning
43Drug tolerance has been shown to be a result of:
- AMetabolization
- BGeneralization
- CElicited CRs
- DUS habituation
44Excessive drinking is technically called ____.
- APolyfluidity
- BPolyhydration
- CPolydipsia
- DPolydistation
45During the time between food reinforcers rats engage in:
- AInterim, facultative, and terminal behaviors
- BAnxious and expectant behaviors
- CRespondent behaviors
- DInterim and facultative behaviors
46Principles of behavior like extinction, discrimination, and spontaneous recovery:
- AGeneralize across species
- BApply to all animals except for higher-processing primates
- CAre dependent on the individual organism
- DOnly applies to higher-level animals that can comprehend consequences
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- Psychology Quiz on 2515 pt 2, created by Rebecca Pearson on 23/11/2019.
- Author
- Rebecca Pearson
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