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Psychology Chapter 7 Module 1: Memory Textbook

Michael Wickham 7 questions Updated 1 May 2016

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  1. 1There are three steps towards obtaining memories! The first is [blank_start]Sensory Memory[blank_end] which is a very brief amount of time that holds perceptual information. The second stage is [blank_start]Short-Term Memory (STM)[blank_end] which has a limited capacity and duration, it lasts roughly a minute. The third and final stage if the encoding has gone perfectly is called [blank_start]Long-Term Memory (LTM)[blank_end] which stores information for a very long period of time, if not forever.
    1. ASensory Memory
    2. BShort-Term Memory (STM)
    3. CLong-Term Memory (LTM)
    4. DSensory Memory
    5. EShort-Term Memory (STM)
    6. FLong-Term Memory (LTM)
    7. GSensory Memory
    8. HShort-Term Memory (STM)
    9. ILong-Term Memory (LTM)
  2. 2There are two different types of memory. The first being one that we are all consciously aware of and can be verbalized, this includes facts about the world and our own memory, this is called [blank_start]Declarative Memory[blank_end]. In that category there are two subcategories, one is [blank_start]Episodic[blank_end] Memory which involves memories of personal experiences that seem to be organized in different segments. The other is [blank_start]Semantic[blank_end] Memory which are facts about the world, Ex what the purpose of a bus is. The other is the opposite side of spectrum, is includes memories that we are not full conscious of or aware of them happening, it is called [blank_start]Non-Declarative Memory[blank_end]. In that category there is one subcategories. One of them is involved in muscle movement patterns (motor memory) examples of this are how we walk, breath, sleep unknowingly without focus, this is called [blank_start]Procedural[blank_end] Memory. The other is called
    1. ADeclarative Memory
    2. BNon-Declarative Memory
    3. CEpisodic
    4. DSemantic
    5. EEpisodic
    6. FSemantic
    7. GDeclarative Memory
    8. HNon-Declarative Memory
    9. IProcedural
    10. JSemantic
    11. KEpisodic
  3. 3[blank_start]Working Memory[blank_end] is essentially a model in short term remembering that includes of combination of components that can temporarily store small amounts of information for a short period of time. It includes the [blank_start]Phonological Loop[blank_end] which is a storage component relies on rehearsal and that stores sound information and auditory code. Another aspect of it involves a storage unit focused on maintaining visual images and spatial layouts, which is the [blank_start]Visuospatial Sketchpad[blank_end]. Another aspect involves dealing with combining both the visual images and the sound information to create episode like memories, it is called the Episodic Buffer. The last component is the [blank_start]Central Executive[blank_end] which is the control centre basically, and coordinates the attention and exchange of pieces of information between the other 3 storage components.
    1. AWorking Memory
    2. BVisuospatial Sketchpad
    3. CPhonological Loop
    4. DCentral Executive
    5. EPhonological Loop
    6. FWorking Memory
    7. GVisuospatial Sketchpad
    8. HCentral Executive
    9. IVisuospatial Sketchpad
    10. JCentral Executive
    11. KWorking Memory
    12. LPhonological Loop
    13. MCentral Executive
    14. NWorking Memory
    15. OVisuospatial Sketchpad
    16. PPhonological Loop
  4. 4In memories, Stores are the areas that retain information without using it for any specific need. When trying to get information into your LTM, [blank_start]Encoding[blank_end] is the primary method to do so, it involves actually getting information to LTM. [blank_start]Rehearsal[blank_end] is one method to encode that involves the repetition of information until you no longer need the information. When trying to remember a list of words a tendency to forget the middle words occurs. The reason behind this is for two reasons, one of them being something called [blank_start]Proactive Interference[blank_end] which involves the first bits of information being learned, which occupies memories and leaves less space for the newer information. The other aspect involves the opposite which is called [blank_start]Retroactive interference[blank_end] which involves the most recent information overshadowing older information that has not passed into LTM. Both of these two facts together is called the [blank_start]Serial Position Effect[blank_end] because it determines that the position in which information is learned effects the retrieval of that information.
    1. AEncoding
    2. BDeveloping
    3. CRemembering
    4. DLearning
    5. ERehearsal
    6. FRetrieval
    7. GRepetitional Memories
    8. HProactive Interference
    9. IRetroactive Interference
    10. JRetroactive Interference
    11. KProactive Interference
    12. LSerial Position Effect
    13. MStructural Importance Effect
  5. 5Memories can occasionally be suddenly lost completely, one of the reasons for this is Amnesia, which is a profound loss of at least one form of memory. There are two separate forms of this. One is called [blank_start]Anterograde Amnesia[blank_end] which is the inability to form new memories after an event of brain injury. The opposite is called [blank_start]Retrograde Amnesia[blank_end] which involves the inability to remember events before the event of brain injury.
    1. AAnterograde Amnesia
    2. BRetrograde Amnesia
    3. CAnterograde Amnesia
    4. DRetrograde Amnesia
  6. 6There are certain different types of [blank_start]Retrieval[blank_end], which is the method of bringing information back from LTM to STM. The process which is the opposite, and involves sending information from STM to LTM is called [blank_start]Consolidation[blank_end]. The final piece which involves putting information from the first step, or Sensory memory to STM is called [blank_start]Attention[blank_end]. All of these different methods of moving information are called the [blank_start]Control Process[blank_end] and it dictates where information goes or comes back from one area of memory. One method of encoding is called [blank_start]Chunking[blank_end], which is the organization of small units of information into larger and more meaningful units. An example of this is how we remember phone numbers.
    1. ARetrieval
    2. BConsolidation
    3. CAttention
    4. DConsolidation
    5. ERetrieval
    6. FAttention
    7. GAttention
    8. HRetrieval
    9. IConsolidation
    10. JControl Process
    11. KWorking Memory
    12. LCentral Executive
    13. MChunking
    14. NControlling
    15. OSemanting
  7. 7When cells learn and adapt to different stimuli and are constantly learning this process is called [blank_start]Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)[blank_end] and shows an increase in connectivity and transmission of neural signals between nerve cells that fire together.
    1. ALong-Term Potentiation (LTP)
    2. BShort-Term Potentiation (STP)
    3. CWorking-Memory Potentiation (WMP)

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Description
100 Psychology Quiz on Psychology Chapter 7 Module 1: Memory Textbook, created by Michael Wickham on 28/10/2015.
Language
English
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Created on 28 Oct 2015 · updated on 1 May 2016
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