Physical Fundamentals

1. 1Which of the following would NOT normally be considered as a form of remote sensing?

   1. ASonar
   2. BRadar
   3. CSeismology
   4. DUltrasound
   5. EGravimetrics
   6. FNone of the above. They are all forms of remote sensing.
2. 2Electromagnetic radiation can be described completely using wavelength, wave velocity, frequency and amplitude?

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
3. 3Label the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

   

   1. AVisible
   2. BGamma rays
   3. COptical
   4. DElectromagnetic
   5. ERadar
   6. FRadio
   7. GMicrowave
   8. HSonic
   9. ISeismic
   10. JMillimetre
   11. KSub-millimetre
   12. LThermal IR
   13. MNear Infra-Red
   14. NUltra-violet
   15. OX-rays
4. 4Label this EM Spectrum with the typical processes that emits radiation of that approximate wavelength.

   

   1. AMolecular transitions (e.g. rotation)
   2. BHigh energy molecular transitions
   3. CNon-ionising electron transitions
   4. DIonising electron transitions
   5. EThermo nuclear transitions
   6. FNuclear transitions
5. 5Electromagnetic radiation can be created when... (note: there may be more than one answer)

   1. Aan electron moves from one energy state to a lower energy state.
   2. Ban molecule moves from one kinetic energy state to a lower energy state (e.g. vibration or rotation states).
   3. Can atomic nucleus changes from one energy state to a lower energy state.
   4. Dan electron moves from one energy state to a higher energy state.
   5. Ean molecule moves from one kinetic energy state to a higher energy state (e.g. vibration or rotation states).
   6. Fan atomic nucleus changes from one energy state to a higher energy state.
   7. GNone of the other answers are correct.
6. 6Which of the following statements is NOT true?

   1. AGeostationary satellites take 24 hours to orbit the Earth and therefore always remain above the same point on the ground.
   2. BGeostationary satellites are never in near-polar orbits -- they are always in equatorial orbits.
   3. CEarth observation satellites in a sun-synchronous orbit travel slightly East-to-West -- the opposite direction to the rotation of the Earth.
   4. DSome Earth observation satellites in LEO are near-equatorial, so that they only cover the tropical regions.
   5. ESun synchronous orbits are always arranged to have a local solar time beneath the satellite at approximately 10:00-10:30 in the morning so as to minimise the cloud cover.
7. 7Which of the following in NOT an advantages of satellite measurements?

   1. AConsistent measurements globally.
   2. BRapid large area coverage.
   3. CNear continuous measurements over many years.
   4. DMaking measurements above the atmosphere.
   5. ENone of the other answers (they are all advantages)
8. 8The sky appears blue because atmospheric molecules are [blank_start]Rayleigh[blank_end] scatterers in the [blank_start]visible[blank_end] part of the spectrum. Light at the [blank_start]blue[blank_end] end of the spectrum is therefore [blank_start]scattered[blank_end] significantly more than at the [blank_start]red[blank_end] end, where the light mostly passes through atmosphere.

   1. ARayleigh
   2. BMie
   3. COptical
   4. DBlackbody
   5. Evisible
   6. Finfra-red
   7. Gultraviolet
   8. Hmicrowave
   9. Iblue
   10. Jgreen
   11. Kyellow
   12. Lscattered
   13. Mabsorbed
   14. Ntransmitted
   15. Ored
9. 9Which of the following exhibit signs of "optical scattering" in the visible part of the spectrum?
   (There may be more than one correct answer -- click all that apply).

   1. APolar bear fur.
   2. BMilk.
   3. CWhite emulsion paint.
   4. DClouds.
   5. EHealthy leaves.
   6. FThe atmosphere.
10. 10Which of the following might a "passive" remote sensing system measure?
    (Select all that apply).

    1. AEmitted radiation from the Earth's surface.
    2. BEmitted radiation from the atmosphere.
    3. CSolar NIR radiation scattered off the surface of the Earth.
    4. DSolar radiation scattered off the atmosphere.
    5. EScattered microwave radiation originating from the remote sensing system itself.
    6. FScattered NIR radiation originating from the remote sensing system itself (e.g. a laser).
    7. GSolar visible radiation scattered off the surface of the Earth.
    8. HSolar radiation after it has passed through the atmosphere.

11. 11The five different resolutions are: [blank_start]spatial[blank_end] (based on angular resolution of the instrument), [blank_start]range[blank_end] (based on pulse size for active instruments), [blank_start]spectral[blank_end] (ability to distinguish in wavelength), [blank_start]radiometric[blank_end] (ability to distinguish different brightness levels), [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] (ability to distinguish events in time).

    1. Aspatial
    2. Brange
    3. Cspectral
    4. Dradiometric
    5. Etemporal
12. 12Which of the following best describes the general term "resolution"?

    1. AThe ability to distinguish (separate) two infinitely narrow signals in some measurement system.
    2. BThe size (on the ground) of a pixel in an image.
    3. CThe area (on the ground) of a pixel in an image.
    4. DThe ability to distinguish (separate) two point targets on the ground.
13. 13The Earth's greenhouse effect is mostly driven by which gas?

    1. AWater vapour
    2. BCarbon dioxide
    3. CMethane
    4. DNitrogen gas
    5. EOxygen
14. 141) What frequency of EM radiation corresponds to a wavelength of a) 600nm, and b) 3cm?
    

    1. A(a) 500 THz and (b) 10 GHz
    2. B(a) 50 THz and (b) 10 GHz
    3. C(a) 500 THz and (b) 1 GHz
    4. D(a) 500 GHz and (b) 10 GHz
    5. E(a) 500 THz and (b) 10 THz
15. 15Domestic electricity supply is at a frequency of 50Hz. What wavelength of electromagnetic radiation would you expect as a result of this oscillating electric field?
    

    1. A6000km
    2. B3000km
    3. C600km
    4. D60km
    5. E6m
16. 16If a satellite has an inclination angle of 98° it will pass the equator on the ascending pass with a bearing of [blank_start]352˚[blank_end].
    At its closest pass to the poles, its bearing will be [blank_start]270˚[blank_end]?
    (Note, bearings are relative to North).
    

    1. A352˚
    2. B8˚
    3. C90˚
    4. D270˚
    5. E188˚
    6. F172˚
17. 17Click all the following answers that you think explains why we use sinusoidal functions to describe EM radiation.

    1. AEM radiation has wavelike properties.
    2. BSinusoidal functions are easy to use mathematically.
    3. CSinusoidal functions have wavelike properties.
    4. DIt works.
    5. ESinusoidal functions can be used to explain photons.
    6. FSine is a function button on most electronic calculators.
    7. GThey work well with deci-Bels.
18. 18Drag and drop the names of the key variables in this diagram.

    

    1. AThe phase angle
    2. BThe y-component of E-field
    3. CThe wave amplitude
    4. DThe wave vector
    5. EThe direction of propagation of the wave
    6. FThe wavelength
    7. GThe magnetic field vector
    8. HThe wave velocity
19. 19Who is this guy?

    

    1. ARobert Watson Watt
    2. BJames Clerk Maxwell
    3. CMichael Faraday
    4. DBernard Lovell
20. 20Correctly label this wave function.

    

    1. AThe wave function
    2. BThe distance travelled
    3. CThe amplitude of the wave
    4. DThe sine function
    5. EThe wavenumber
    6. FThe wavelength
    7. GThe frequency of the wave
    8. HThe phase
21. 21Correctly label this equation used for describing wave properties.

    

    1. Api=3.14159...
    2. BPeriod
    3. CWave function
    4. DThe wavelength
    5. EThe wavenumber
    6. FAngular velocity
22. 22Correctly label this wave equation.

    

    1. AThe wavefunction
    2. BThe amplitude of the wave
    3. CThe wavenumber
    4. DThe time from time zero
    5. EThe distance of propagation from zero
    6. FThe angular velocity
    7. GThe starting phase (phase at t=0)
    8. HThe cosine function
    9. IThe period of the wave
    10. JThe wave velocity
23. 23When using imaginary numbers, we use the lower case letter "i" to represent ...

    1. A√(-1)
    2. B-√(-1)
    3. Ce^(-1)
    4. D-e^(-1)
24. 24e^(-iπ)= ?

    1. A1
    2. B-1
    3. C√(-1)
    4. D0
    5. E-√(-1)
25. 25Convert the following to dB: 0.5, 2, 10, 1000, 0.1

    1. A-3.01, 3.01, 10, 30, -10
    2. B-0.30, 0.30, 1, 3, -1
    3. C-30.1, 30.1, 100, 300, -100
    4. D-6.93, 6.93, 23.1 69.1, -23.0
    5. E3.01, -3.01, -10, -30, 10
26. 26What does this graph represent?

    

    1. AIt represents individual waves as vectors. The real and imaginary axes allow us to represent any given wave with an amplitude and a phase angle. We can add any number of wave vectors nose-to-tail to determine the resulting wave from coherently adding the waves together.
    2. BIt represents individual waves as vectors. The real and imaginary axes allow us to represent any given wave with an velocity and a frequency angle. We can add any number of wave vectors nose-to-tail to determine the resulting wave from incoherently adding the waves together.
    3. CIt represents the polarisation of individual waves. The real and imaginary axes are perpendicular to the direction of travel and allow us to visualise an amplitude and phase. We can add any number of polarised wave vectors nose-to-tail to determine the resulting wave from coherently adding the waves together.
    4. DIt represents the polarisation of individual waves. The real and imaginary axes are perpendicular to the direction of travel. We can add any number of polarised wave vectors nose-to-tail to determine the resulting wave from incoherently adding the waves together.
27. 27(a) What kind of interference does this figure represent? (b) What is the resulting wave vector amplitude and direction?

    

    1. A(a) Constructive interference. (b) A wave of amplitude 2A and in the same direction as the two original waves.
    2. B(a) Constructive interference. (b) A wave of amplitude 2 and in the same direction as the two original waves.
    3. C(a) Destructive interference. (b) A wave of amplitude 4A and in the opposite direction as the two original waves.
    4. D(a) Constructive interference. (b) A wave of amplitude 2A and in the opposite direction to the two original waves.
28. 28(a) What kind of interference does this figure represent? (b) What is the resulting wave vector amplitude and direction?

    

    1. A(a) Destructive interference. (b) The null vector, with no amplitude or direction.
    2. B(a) Constructive interference. (b) The null vector, with no amplitude or direction.
    3. C(a) Destructive interference. (b) A vector of amplitude 2A and in the same direction as the original waves.
    4. D(a) Constructive interference. (b) A vector of amplitude 2A and in the same direction as the original waves.
29. 29What is the resulting wave vector amplitude and direction if these two waves are coherently combined?

    

    1. AA wave vector of length A√2 in a direction half way between the original wave vector directions.
    2. BA wave vector of length A√2 in a direction 45˚ from the real axis.
    3. CA wave vector of length 2A in a direction half way between the original wave vector directions.
    4. DA wave vector of length 2A in a direction 45˚ from the real axis.

Description

This is the first set of quiz questions to support my Introduction to Radar Remote Sensing option at the University of Edinburgh, and for people learning from my book, Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing (eBook available on Amazon).

Author

Iain Woodhouse

Language

English

Views

160

Tags

fundamentalsremote sensingphysical principlesintroduction to radar remote sensing11

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