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Key Study: Schaffer and Emerson

Lucy Garland 7 questions

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  1. 1[blank_start]Schaffer and Emerson[blank_end]'s study involved [blank_start]60[blank_end] babies, all from [blank_start]Glasgow[blank_end] and the majority were from skilled working-class families. The babies and their mothers were visited in their homes every [blank_start]month[blank_end] for the first year and then again at [blank_start]18 months[blank_end]. The researchers asked mothers on the kind of [blank_start]protest[blank_end] their babies showed in seven everyday [blank_start]separations[blank_end] e.g. when the adult leaves the room. This was to measure the infant's [blank_start]attachment[blank_end]. The researchers also assessed [blank_start]stranger anxiety[blank_end] but observing their response to [blank_start]unfamiliar[blank_end] adults.
    1. ASchaffer and Emerson
    2. B60
    3. CGlasgow
    4. Dmonth
    5. E18 months
    6. Fprotest
    7. Gseparations
    8. Hattachment
    9. Istranger anxiety
    10. Junfamiliar
  2. 2What was the aim of Schaffer and Emerson's 1964 study?
    1. AInvestigate the type of attachments to different caregivers.
    2. BInvestigate how early attachments form, the age at which they develop, their emotional intensity and to whom the attachment is directed.
    3. CInvestigate how attachments form, in what way and why they form to particular people.
    4. DInvestigate the different types of attachments present and the behaviours which show them.
  3. 3[blank_start]Schaffer and Emerson[blank_end] found that between [blank_start]25[blank_end] and 32 weeks of age, about [blank_start]50%[blank_end] of all the babies showed signs of an attachment towards one particular adult, usually the mother being this [blank_start]specific[blank_end] attachment. This specific attachment tended to be to the caregiver who was most [blank_start]interactive[blank_end] and [blank_start]sensitive[blank_end] to the infants signals and facial expressions. This was not necessarily the person who spent the most time with the infant. They also found by the age of [blank_start]40 weeks[blank_end], [blank_start]80%[blank_end] of the babies had a specific attachment and almost [blank_start]30%[blank_end] displayed [blank_start]multiple[blank_end] attachments.
    1. ASchaffer and Emerson
    2. BBaddley
    3. CBowlby
    4. D25
    5. E20
    6. F28
    7. Gspecific
    8. Hparticular
    9. Iinteractive
    10. Jloving
    11. Ksensitive
    12. L40 weeks
    13. M30 weeks
    14. N8 months
    15. O80%
    16. P75%
    17. Q50%
    18. R30%
    19. Smultiple
  4. 4What percentage of babies in this study displayed a specific attachment at 40 weeks?
    1. A80%
    2. B70%
    3. C75%
  5. 5What were the results of the study?
    1. ABetween 25 and 32 weeks of age, 50% of babies showed signs of a separation anxiety towards one adult.
    2. BThe specific attachment tended to be towards the carer who was most interactive and sensitive towards infant signals and facial expressions.
    3. CBy 40 weeks of age, 80% of babies had formed a specific attachment.
    4. DBy 40 weeks of age, 30% displayed multiple attachments.
    5. EBetween 25 and 32 weeks of age, 30% displayed multiple attachments.
    6. F80% of babies displayed both multiple and specific attachments at 32 weeks.
    7. GBetween 25 and 32 weeks of age, 50% of babies showed signs of stranger anxiety.
  6. 6What are the evaluation points for Schaffer and Emerson's 1964 study?
    1. AIt lacks external validity due to outside situations being more varied.
    2. BThe longitudinal design of the study, using the same children and following them up regularly, increases its internal validity because of the lack of confounding variables e.g. individual differences.
    3. CIt has good external validity because the families' were studied in their own homes with ordinary activities.
    4. DThere may have been demand characteristics to an extent because of the presence of observers around the infants. They may have responded differently in the presence of strangers.
    5. EIt has limited application because the families were all from the same city and social class. It was also conducted over 50 years ago. Child-rearing practices differ between cultures, social classes and historic context.
  7. 7This study has good [blank_start]external[blank_end] validity as the families were studied in their own homes using ordinary activities. Plus, the mothers usually observed the infants behaviour and reported back to the researcher which reduces the possibility of [blank_start]demand characteristics[blank_end].
    The [blank_start]longitudinal[blank_end] design of the study increases its [blank_start]internal[blank_end] validity because the same children were used throughout the whole study, reducing [blank_start]confounding[blank_end] variables such as [blank_start]individual differences[blank_end].
    However, the study lacks [blank_start]application[blank_end] due to it being carried out over [blank_start]50 years[blank_end] ago, a small [blank_start]sample size[blank_end] and the families used being from the same city and social class. [blank_start]Child-rearing[blank_end] practices differ between culture, social class and [blank_start]historical[blank_end] context so it cannot be [blank_start]generalised[blank_end].
    1. Aexternal
    2. Bdemand characteristics
    3. Clongitudinal
    4. Dinternal
    5. Econfounding
    6. Findividual differences
    7. Gapplication
    8. H50 years
    9. Isample size
    10. JChild-rearing
    11. Khistorical
    12. Lgeneralised

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Description
AS - Level Psychology (Attachment) Quiz on Key Study: Schaffer and Emerson, created by Lucy Garland on 12/04/2016.
Language
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