Quiz
Definitions for phylogeny
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Questions in this quiz (20)
1Phylogenetics- the study of the [blank_start]branching[blank_end] of populations as they give rise to [blank_start]multiple[blank_end] descendent populations over [blank_start]evolutionary[blank_end] time
- Abranching
- Bmultiple
- Cevolutionary
2Phylogenetic tree- a [blank_start]visual[blank_end] representation in a form of [blank_start]bifurcating[blank_end] tree, of the evolutionary [blank_start]relationship[blank_end] between species, genera, families, etc.
- Avisual
- Bbifurcating
- Crelationship
3Trait- any [blank_start]observable[blank_end] characteristic of an [blank_start]organism[blank_end]
- Aobservable
- Borganism
4Taxon- a [blank_start]group[blank_end] of related [blank_start]organisms[blank_end]
- Agroup
- Borganisms
5Nodes- branch points where tree [blank_start]splits[blank_end]. These represent common [blank_start]ancestors[blank_end] to the species that come after the splitting
- Asplits
- Bancestors
6Sister Taxa- [blank_start]taxa[blank_end] derived from the same [blank_start]node[blank_end] (common ancestry)
- Anode
- Btaxa
7Clade- a [blank_start]group[blank_end] of species that share a single common [blank_start]ancestor[blank_end]
- Agroup
- Bancestor
8[blank_start]monophyletic[blank_end] group- a group consisting of all descendants of the group's common ancestry (and no other members)
- Amonophyletic
9[blank_start]Polyphyletic[blank_end]- a group that does not contain the common ancestor of its members and/or its descendants
- APolyphyletic
10[blank_start]Paraphyletic[blank_end] groups- a group that includes the most common ancestor but not all of its descendants
- AParaphyletic
11[blank_start]Homologous[blank_end] traits- traits found in two or more species because they [blank_start]inherited[blank_end] the trait from a [blank_start]common[blank_end] ancestor.
- AHomologous
- Binherited
- Ccommon
12[blank_start]Analogous[blank_end] traits- traits shared by two or more species not by common [blank_start]descent[blank_end] but because some evolutionary process fashioned similar traits in each species.
- AAnalogous
- Bdescent
13[blank_start]Divergent evolution[blank_end]- when closely related species (or populations) diverge from one another because natural selection acts differently on them
- ADivergent evolution
14[blank_start]Convergent evolution[blank_end]- when two or more species or populations become similar because they are exposed to similar selection pressures.
- AConvergent evolution
15[blank_start]Derived trait[blank_end]- a trait that has changed state from the ancestral over time
- ADerived trait
16[blank_start]Synapomorphy[blank_end]- a derived trait that is shared in two populations because it was inherited from a common ancestor
- ASynapomorphy
17[blank_start]Homoplasy[blank_end]- a trait that is similar in two or more species because of convergent evolution and not common ancestry
- AHomoplasy
18[blank_start]symplesiomorphy[blank_end]- a derived trait that has arisen so recently it appear in only one of the two sister taxa
- Asymplesiomorphy
19[blank_start]Parsimony[blank_end]- method of explaining observed characters by the minimum number of evolutionary changes
- AParsimony
20Construct trees based on four things:
1. [blank_start]Parsimony[blank_end]- search for trees that have the minimum number of evolutionary changes to explain traits
2. [blank_start]Distance[blank_end]- compute the "distance" (count of changes) between individuals. Individuals with a similar count are more related
3. [blank_start]Maximum likelihood[blank_end]- explicit model how characters change using an evolutionary model
4. [blank_start]Bayesian[blank_end]- explicitly model how characters change using an evolutionary model- ABayesian
- BMaximum likelihood
- CDistance
- DParsimony
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- Description
- Evolution Quiz on Definitions for phylogeny , created by Alex Houser on 21/11/2016.
- Author
- Alex Houser
- Language
- English
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