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Personality and Individual differences (weeks 7-12)
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Questions in this quiz (62)
1Eysenck’s theory predicts that in a difficult or taxing task…
- Aintroverts would perform better than extroverts
- Bextroverts would perform better than introverts
- Cintroverts and extroverts would perform equally well.
- Dintroverts would fall asleep and not finish the task
2The theories of Cattell and Eysenck rate
- Ahigh on biological determinants of personality
- Bhigh on teleology
- Clow on their ability to generate research
- Dhigh on free will versus determinism
3According to Eysenck, extroverts are
- Anaturally underaroused
- Bstimulus hungry
- Capproaching
- Dall of the answers
4Which of these is NOT a five factor (Costa and McCrae)
- AExtraversion
- BPsychoticism
- CNeuroticism
- DAgreeableness
5People who score high on the Psychoticism (P) scale are
- Aegocentric, aggresive and hostile
- Bempathetic, caring and cooperative
- Cobsessive-compulsive, hysterical and suggestible
- Dintroverted, quiet and thoughtful
6Which of the following is not one of the typical names assigned to the dimensions in the Five factor model?
- AAgreeableness
- BOpeness to experience
- CPsychopathy
- DConscientiousness
7Psychologists increasingly agree that supertraits may adequately describe the structure of personality
- A9
- B3
- C7
- D5
8According to Eysenck, introverts and extroverts are different in many respects. The most important difference is
- Apsychological health versus psychological disturbance
- Bsubjectivity versus objectivity
- Ctheir way of viewing the world
- Dlevel of cortical arousal
9According to Eysenck
- AThe ARAS of the introvert provides a lot of arousal
- BThe ARAS of the extrovert provides very little arousal
- Cboth
- Dneither
10According to Hans Eysenck, impulsive thrill seekers would be called
- ANeurotics
- BPsychotics
- CExtreme extroverts
- DSchizophrenics
11Dr Huws asks Kyle to complete a depression inventory, answering questions about how sad he has felt in recent weeks. She then asks him to look at a few pictures and to tell a story about what the characters may be thinking and doing. (The picture is otherwise ambiguous.) The depression inventory is an example of a _____, and the tell-a-story task is an example of a _____.
- Aself report measure; behavioural assessment
- Bbehavioural assessment; self-report measure
- Cprojective test; behavioural assessment
- Dself-report measure; projective test
12The MMPI-2 and the NEO-PI-R are examples of
- Asubjective tests
- Bprojective tests
- Cobjective tests
- Dclinical interviews
13At the broadest level, the two strategies for structured personality-test construction are ‘Deductive’ comprising _______________ and ‘Empirical comprising ____________
- ALogical content and criterion group; theoretical approach and factor analysis
- BLogical content and factor analysis method; criterion group and theoretical approach
- Clogical content and theoretical approach; criterion group and the factor analysis method
- Dnone of the answers
14The NEO-PI-R was developed to assess
- AThe Big 5
- BIntelligence
- CEysenck's three factor theory
- DAllport's traits
15Which of the following is an accurate criticisms of projective tests of personality?
- AThey have poor inter-rater reliability, but they show high validity
- BThey require too many inferences on the part of the examiner and do no show high validity
- CTheir validity is too high
- DThey prevent subjects from expressing themselves freely
16What is Rorschach’s test designed to measure?
- AUnconscious intentions
- BBrain size
- CDreams
- DConscious desires
17Some people like looking at clouds and figuring out what the shapes remind them of. This is similar to which psychological test?
- AMMPI-2
- BSLR-90
- CRorschach test
- DThematic Apperception Test
18A series of pictures that typically depict people are shown to people who are taking the ______________.
- ATAT
- BWAIS IV
- CRorschach test
- DMMPI-2
19Which of the following is involved in a Thematic Apperception Test?
- ABlack and white pictures of people in vague or ambiguous situations
- BBlack and white pictures of people in compromising situations
- CColour photographs of a scenic view
- DColour photographs of a catastrophic event
20During the Rorschach test you would be presented with a series of images. Which of the following statements is true?
- AInk blots are only printed in black and grey ink
- BInk blots are printed in either black or black with red ink
- CInk blots are printed in black and grey; black; grey and red; or pastel colours
- DInk blots are printed in either black or pastel colours
21How are the Five Factor traits measured?
- AThrough adjective and questionnaire statement methods
- BThrough galvanic skin response measurements
- CThrough fMRI measurements
- DThrough interviews
22What is a testing professional doing if they administer the same test to every test taker but score the test differently according to the race of the test taker?
- AScaling
- BStandardising
- CBetween-group norming
- DWithin group norming
23One advantage of the projective personality test is that they...
- Aare easy to administer and grade by a computer
- Bhave higher validity than self-report tests
- Callow respondents more freedom for self-expression
- Dpermit broader interpretations by the clinician
24Which of the following is NOT a weakness of many projective personality tests?
- APoor predictive validity
- BPoor inter-rater reliability
- CSusceptible to faking good bias
- DSusceptible to poor incremental validity relative to personality inventories
25Individual differences form an integral part of work psychology. Which of the following are relevant for job performance?
- Apersonality variables
- Bemotional intelligence
- CCognitive abilities
- DAll of the answers
26In administering the Rorschach, the inquiry refers to that part of the examination in which...
- Athe examiner obtains complete demographic information
- Bthe examiner exposes the cards to the testtaker for the first time
- Cthe examiner exposes the cards to the testtaker for the second time
- Dthe testtaker is permitted to ask the examiner any question at all
27Shaun is taking a personality test in which he is shown a series of simple scenes. He is supposed to tell a story about what is happening in each scene and to suggest what the characters are feeling. The test Shaun is taking is the...
- AThematic Apperception Test
- BMinnesota Multiple Personality Inventory
- CDraw a man test
- DNeuroticism Extroversion Openess Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R)
28Which kind of validity or reliability does not match the description that follows it?
- Are-test reliability: people get similar scores when they do a test on different occasions.
- Bdiscriminant validity: a test of one personality characteristic does not correlate with tests that measure different characteristics
- Cconvergent validity: people get similar scores on a test when different people administer it to them.
- Dinternal consistency: the items in the test all correlate with one another
29A difference between objective and projective methods of assessment is that projective methods are
- Amore artistic and less verbal in nature
- Bof value with testtakers regardless of culture
- Cindirect methods of personality assessment
- Dall of the answers
30Which of the following does NOT occur during the free association phase of the Rorschach inkblot test?
- AThe tester and the client sit next to each other at a table
- BThe tester asks the client where in each inkblot s/he saw each image
- CThe client is asked to list at least two things that each inkblot calls to mind.
- DThe tester makes a verbatim record of the client's responses.
31Which of the following are NOT symptoms of borderline personality disorder?
- ADifficulty making and maintaining relationships
- BRisk taking, or doing things without thinking of potential consequences
- Ca fear of being abandoned or rejected
- DEmotions which are consistent and stable
32Katie Price is on her third marriage in her quest to find ideal love. When Katie Price demonstrates patterns of attention seeking and the excessive need for admiration from others, a Psychologist could be forgiven for thinking she may be suffering from …
- AParanoid personality disorder
- BHistrionic personality disorder
- CNarcissistic personality disorder
- DAnti-social personality disorder
33Which of the following is NOT considered to be a risk factor for personality disorders
- ALiving in inner cities
- BLow economic class
- CGender
- DBeing a young adult
34An individual with narcissistic personality disorder will routinely overestimate their abilities and inflate their accomplishments, and this is characterized by which of the following?
- Aa pervasive need for admiration
- Ban inability to monitor reality
- Cimpulsive behaviour such as drug abuse
- Dunusual ideas of reference
35In the film ‘Girl Interrupted’, Winona Rider plays Susanna Keysen who is admitted to a Psychiatric hospital after a nervous breakdown. The assumption that she tried to commit suicide via an overdose, together with her significant distress when her friend Lisa Rowe (played by Angelina Jolie) leaves the hospital could be taken as signs of which personality disorder?
- AAvoidant personality disorder
- BAnti-social personality disorder
- CBorderline personality disorder
- DSchizoid personality disorder
36Personality disorders (PD) consist of a loosely-bound cluster of sub-types. Which of the following common features are evident in PD?
- AThey are characterized by an enduring pattern of behaviour that deviates markedly from expectations within that culture
- BThey are associated with unusual ways of interpreting events, unpredictable mood swings, or impulsive behaviour
- CThey result in impairments in social and occupational functioning
- DAll of the answers
37Which of the following statements about personality disorders is true?
- ABy definition, personality disorders must be present continuously since childhood.
- BThe majority of people diagnosed with one personality disorder meet the diagnostic criteria for at least one other personality disorder.
- CSince personality disorders are treated differently than acute disorders, medical conditions or life stressors by the DSM-IV, they are placed on Axis III
- DBecause they are more debilitating, people with personality disorders seek treatment more often than people with acute disorders
38Which cluster of Axis II of the DSM do 'dramatic, emotional or erratic' disorders belong in?
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
39The apparent lack of empathy and the tendency to exploit others for self-benefit, has lead psychologists to compare narcissistic personality disorder with which one of the following?
- AHistrionic Personality Disorder
- BAntisocial Personality Disorder
- CParanoid Personality Disorder
- DSchizotypal
40The term ‘Sociopath’ or ‘Psychopath’ is sometimes used to describe which type of personality disorder?
- AParanoid personality disorder
- BAnti-social personality disorder
- CHistrionic personality disorder
- DSchizotypal personality disorder
41An Individual with a schizotypal personality disorder will usually exhibit which of the following characteristics?
- Aeccentric behaviour marked by odd patterns of thinking and communication
- Bdiscomfort with close personal relationships
- Coften exhibit unusual ideas of reference
- Dall of the answers
42Personality disorders are an enduring patterns of behaviour that persist from childhood into adulthood and because of this fact, one of the best predictors of APD in adulthood is a diagnosis of...
- Aconduct disorder
- Bchildhood anxiety
- Cattachment disorder
- Dattention deficit disorder
43Which of the following is false about antisocial personality disorder?
- APeople with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to have low levels of education.
- BThe tendency to engage in anti-social behaviours tends to begin in childhood and is one of the most stable characteristics.
- CPeople with antisocial personality disorder have trouble inhibiting impulsive behaviours.
- DPeople with antisocial personality disorder have high levels of arousability, which leads them to avoid stimulation through impulsive and dangerous acts and to experience punishment as less severe.
44A toddler in a supermarket is having a tantrum because his mother says he cannot have the chocolate bar he is asking for. In Freudian terms he is behaving this way because…
- Ahe is expressing a strong Superego
- Bhis Ego is being denied
- Chis Id instincts are being denied
- Dhe has an electra complex
45According to Freud, the ______________ mind includes accessible memories, which can be recalled at will
- Aconscious
- Bpreconscious
- Cunconscious
- Dlow unconscious
46Which psychosexual stage of development did Freud view as different from the others because an individual does not simply experience it but must achieve it?
- AGenital
- BAnal
- CPhallic
- DOral
47Asif is a hoarder. He has kept every copy of the NME that he has ever bought and has these arranged in chronological order in files on his bookshelf and refuses to throw them away. According to Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, this behaviour represents which personality type?
- AOral retentive
- BAnal retentive
- COral aggressive
- DAnal expulsive
48Clare foolishly believes Tom when he tells her that the chewing gum she just swallowed will take seven years to digest.
- AClare has developed an oral receptive character because she was overindulged at the oral stage of development
- BClare has an oral aggressive character because she was under-indulged at the oral stage of development
- CClare has an anal retentive character because she resisted her parents’ demands at the anal stage of development
- DClare has an anal-expulsive personality because she complied with her parents’ demands at the anal stage of development
49According to Freudian psychologists, playing rugby is an example of the most advanced and mature defence mechanism. What is it?
- AConversion reaction
- BProjection
- CSublimation
- DRationalisation
50What name did Freud give to his model of the mind which consisted of Id, Ego and Superego?
- AStructural model
- BGenetic model
- CTopographical model
- DUnconscious model
51The four key ideas that make up the foundation of psychoanalysis are:
- APsychological well-being, the ability to reason, moral capacities, and mental energy
- BPsychic determinism, internal structure, psychic conflict, and mental energy
- CState characteristics, trait characteristics, psychological reasoning, and internal conflict
- DPsychic determinism, dream-space , ethics, and reason
52Ideas about the id pertain to _______, the ego to ______, and the superego to _______.
- AThe unconscious mind;the conscious mind; the rational mind
- BThe irrational part of the mind; the rational part of the mind; the moral part of the mind
- CImpulses; impulse control; morality
- DDreams and the imagination; morality; rational thought
53Psychic determinism can be defined as:
- Athe philosophy that everything people do in life is predetermined
- Bthe idea that everything happens in a person's mind - therefore everything a person thinks or does - has a cause that can be identified
- Cthe idea that everything we do resonates psychically with those around us
- Dthe psychological concept that the workings of the mind are rooted in specific chemical reactions in the brain
54During which stage of a child’s psychic development does she try to understand how much authority her parents have and how much she herself controls?
- Aoral
- Bphallic
- Canal
- Dgenital
55It can be speculated that the deviation of Jung’s that most irritated Freud was:
- AThe concept of archetypes.
- BThe false persona that Jung adopted during public dealings
- CJung’s proposal of the collective unconscious, which Freud felt was far-fetched.
- DJung's substantial interest in mystical and spiritual matters
56Karen Horney called parental mistreatment _______, as she believed that parental behavior that does not meet the child's fundamental need for safety was highly damaging.
- AAbuse
- BBasic evil
- CThanatos
- DEros
57Which factor did Horney place less emphasis on in her approach?
- Aprimal instincts
- Bbiological instincts
- Ccultural instincts
- Dsocial instincts
58According to Adler, ______________________is the "sole criterion of human values"
- Aproductive work
- Bsocial interest
- Cself-interest
- Dreligion
59One of the most useful Jungian ideas is his classification of the four basic ways of thinking. __________ establishes what is actually present, ___________ enables us to recognize its meaning, _______ tells us its value, and _________ points to possibilities as to whence it came and whither it is going in a given situation.
- ASensation; feeling; rational thinking; intuition
- BFeeling; rational thinking; sensation; intuition
- CSensation; rational thinking; feeling; intuition
- DIntuition; rational thinking ; feeling; sensation
60Many neo-Freudians gave which part of the psyche a greater role in personality development than Freud did?
- AConscious
- BId
- CEgo
- DSuperego
61According to Adler, which of the following is NOT one of the primary goals of children's misbehaviour?
- AAttention
- BRevenge
- CPower
- DAffection
62The earth mother, the hero, the devil, and the supreme being are all examples of
- AThe Id's most energising , compulsive drives
- BArchetypal figures that exist in the collective unconscious
- Csymbols residing with an individual's anima and animus
- DThe Id's persona drives
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- Degree Psychology Quiz on Personality and Individual differences (weeks 7-12), created by Ben Armstrong on 14/01/2017.
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- Ben Armstrong
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