The Periodic Table

Difference Between Metals + Non-Metals

• Metals:
• Tend to be solids with high melting and boiling points
• Tend to have relatively high densities
• Shiny when polished
• Easily workable
• Conduct electricity and heat
• Form positive ions in compounds
• Have oxides tend to be basic, react with acid to give salt and water
• Non-Metals:
• Tend to have low melting and boiling points
• Tend to be brittle as solids
• Even if crystalline, not same shine as metals
• Don't usually conduct electricity - carbon and silicon exceptions
• Poor conductors of heat
• Tend to form negative ions and covalent compounds
• Have acidic or neutral oxides

Group 0 - Noble Gases

• Colourless
• Monatomic - molecules consist of single atoms
• Boiling point and density increases down the group

Group 1 - The Alkali Metals

• Melting and boiling points get lower down the group
• Densities tend to increase down the group but are low for metals
• Li, Na, K less dense than water so float on it
• Soft, easily cut with knife
• Softer down the group
• Shiny and silvery when freshly cut
• Tarnish seconds within exposure to air
• Extremely reactive, more reactive down the group
• React quickly with air to form oxides
• React rapidly to violently with water to form strong alkaline solutions of metal hydroxides
• Li, Na, K stored under oil to stop reaction with oxygen or water vapour in air
• Rb, Cs stored in sealed glass
• React with water (cold) to produce metal hydroxide and hydrogen
• Have mainly white compounds which dissolve to produce colourless solutions

Group 7 - The Halogens

• Non-metallic
• Diatomic molecules X2
• Molecules larger down the group
• Melting and boiling points increase down the group
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
• When solid, crystals will be brittle
• Coloured, extremely poisonous vapours so handle in fume cupboard
• Some are corrosive
• Ionic salts with metals, covalent compounds with non-metals
• Less reactive down the group
• Oxidising agents with oxidising ability decreasing down group - don't include F because doesn't work for F
• React with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides
• Hydrogen halides steamy, acidic, poisonous, covalently bonded, very soluble in water and react with it to produce solutions of acids
• Displace elements lower down the group from their salts - don't include F because doesn't work for

Transition Metals

• Ti
• Cr
• Fe
• Co
• Ni
• Cu
• Ag
• Au
• Zn
• Hg
• Iron - manufacture of ammonia
• Vanadium oxide - manufacture of sulphuric acid
• Manganese oxide - decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
• Metallic elements
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Workable
• Strong
• Mostly with high densities
• Exception of liquid mercury, Hg, have melting points from fairly high to very high
• Much less reactive than Group 1 and 2 so don't react as rapidly with air or water