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Key Term Definitions in Attachment
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- 1AttachmentAn emotional 2-way bond between 2 people that endures over time, leading to certain behaviours (e.g. clinging and proximity-seeking), which also plays a role of protecting an infant.
- 2Primary AttachmentThe person who has formed the closest bond with an infant, demonstrated by the intensity of the relationship. (e.g. usually the mother)
- 3Multiple AttachmentHaving more than 1 attachment figure.
- 4Monotropy/Monotropic AttachmentThe idea that the relationship an infant has with their primary attachment figure is of special significance in emotional development.
- 5Interactional SynchronyWhen 2 people interact, they tend to mirror what the other is doing in the same pattern by imitating emotions, as well as behaviours (e.g. facial and body movements).
- 6ReciprocityResponding to someone's action with a similar elicited action.
- 7Separation AnxietyThe distress shown by an infant when separated from their caregiver.
- 8Stranger AnxietyThe distress shown by an infant when approached or picked up by someone unfamiliar.
- 9ImprintingAn innate readiness to develop a strong bond with the mother, taking place during the first few hours after birth/hatching. If it doesn't happen during this critical period, it's unlikely to happen.
- 10Critical PeriodA biologically determined period of time, during which certain characteristics can develop. Outside of this time window, such development won't be possible.
- 11Learning TheoryThe name given to a group of explanations (classical & operant conditioning), which explains behaviour in terms of learning rather than any innate tendencies.
- 12Social Learning TheoryLearning through observing others and imitating behaviours that are rewarded.
- 13Classical ConditioningLearning through association when a neutral stimulus is consistently paired with an unconditioned stimulus, so that the unconditioned stimulus eventually takes on the properties of this neutral stimulus. The now conditioned stimulus is able to produce a conditioned response.
- 14Operant ConditioningLearning through reinforcement.
- 15Continuity HypothesisThe idea that emotionally secure infants go on to be emotionally secure adults, that are trusting and socially confident.
- 16Internal Working ModelA mental model of the world, enabling the individual to predict and control their environment. In the case of attachment, the model refers to the individual's expectations about relationships.
- 17Social ReleaserA social behaviour or characteristic that elicits caregiving, and leads to attachment.
- 18Strange SituationA controlled observation designed to test attachment security.
- 19Secure AttachmentA strong and contented attachment between an infant and their caregiver, which develops as a result of of sensitive responding by the caregiver, towards the infant's needs. Infants are comfortable with social interaction and intimacy, as secure attachment is related to healthy cognitive & emotional development.
- 20Insecure-Avoidant AttachmentA type of attachment which describes those children who tend to avoid social interaction and intimacy with others.
- 21Insecure-Resistant attachmentA type of attachment which describes those children who both seek and reject intimacy and social interaction (i.e. resist).
- 22Cultural variationsThe ways that different groups of people vary in terms of their social practices, ad the effects these practices have on development and behaviour.
- 23DeprivationTo be deprived is to lose something. In the context of child development, deprivation refers to the loss of emotional care that is normally provided by a primary caregiver.
- 24InstitutionalisationThe effect of institutional care. The term can be applied widely to the effects of an institution but our concern focuses specifically on how time spent in an institution (e.g. an orphanage) can affect the development of children. The possible effects include social, mental and physical underdevelopment; some of these effects may be irreversible.
- 25Internal working modelA mental model of the world, which enables individuals to predict and control their environment. In the case of attachment, the model relates to the person's expectations about relationships.
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- AS level AS Psychology (Key Term Definitions (flashcards)) Karteikarten am Key Term Definitions in Attachment, erstellt von Becky . am 27/02/2018.
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