Karteikarten
Sp301: Intelligence
Karten in diesem Stapel (21)
- 1What is intelligence?Academia
Problem-solving
Goal orientation/ adaptiveness
Judgement, good sense/ COMMON SENSE
- Multi-faceted. - 2Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911)Is ability hereditary?
Nature vs Nurture
Head size+ height= strength
Visual acuity= success
Influenced by Darwin
Association between relations and intelligence (Hereditary).
Although this is correlation to causation (IE from twin studies have shown this). - 3Charles Spearman (1863-1945) Spearman's g.Theorised that people who have a general intelligence factor more likely to be intelligent in a range of aspects.
Spearman: find common factor underlying influencing measurements.
Finding out what is the common factor. - 4Horn & Catell (1966) Fluid and Crystallised Intelligence (g)G factor is the overarching
Fluid: Solve novel problems, experiences, finding patterns. Not based on previous experiences--> Inventors are good at this. Peak 30-40 years (caps).
Crystallised intelligence: previous knowledge--> us in psychology. Can keep growing. - 5How much is C+F (g) related?C+F if higher will produce higher academic performance (correlate)
They work together.
They may be able to build on intelligence quicker as they are more flexible if they have higher fluid intelligence. - 6Thurstone's primary mental abilities Are they correlated?4 basic abilities
Language, Visual-spatial, perceptual and reasoning.
There are strong correlations--> all associated with eachother and are due to G factor? - 7What is the hierarchical model of intelligence?g
Abilities (linguistic, numerical and mechanical). - 8Measuring intelligence: Natural intelligenceGet the mental level of where someone should naturally be. If below that they will require attention.
Aptitude it different to achievement.
How much is mental age catching up to physical age. - 9Ratio IQ Weaknesses:Children spurts and plateaus can be sporadic in development.
Less useful for adults, since this is made for children. Age will always increase, intelligence will decline or level out. - 10What is deviation IQ?Test score/ average test score for age group
x 100.
Will give you the average for your age group. - 11Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale.Uses block design, matrix reasoning, verbal word pairing and vocabulary.
Again, there is a high correlation between subtests. - 12Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg, 1985)Analytical intelligence
Creative intelligence
Practical Intelligence - 13Multiple Intelligences Theory Garder (1983)7 kinds of intelligence which are independent of each other.
Culture defines the intelligence/ culture
Linguistic, Logical, Bodily, Spatial, interpersonal. - 14Emotional intelligence- Mayer-Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence TestUse emotion--> to guide us appropriately.
Identify emotions
Managing emotions
Understand emotions - 15Savant syndromeRemarkable talent even though they are developmentally disabled.
- 16Cognitive underpinnings of intelligence.Faster processing (Eysenck)
More efficient neural circuits (more myelination?).
Less mental energy?
- PET scans
Negative correlation between performance and brain metabolism. - 17Cognitive underpinnings of working memory and attentionDigit span working memory- remembering last words of sentences
Fluid intelligence- Raven's progressive matrices.
Mental tasks require maintenance of information
But is this just renaming intelligence? - 18Environment and intelligenceIQ depends on nature and nurture
Poverty has a neurological effect.
Stronger influence of shared environment in low socioeconomic status and genes are of more influence in higher. - 19What is the Flynn effect?Scores on IQ tests have risen since the 1950s.
Why?
- Societal changes
-Schooling and testing
- Nutrition
-The decrease in infectious diseases. - 20Differences in intelligent.Imagine it was half full (on a titled glass).
Mental transformation tasks
Men do better in these tasks.
Fine motor tasks: needly threading, intricate details. Verbal fluency, visual recall.
Women are better. - 21Why are there differences in intelligence?Evolution
Hunter v gatherer.
Women have more connection interhemispherically.
Males testosterone.
Women estrogen and androgen.
Psychosocial reasons.
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- Psychology (SP301 ) Karteikarten am Sp301: Intelligence , erstellt von chantel Smith am 29/03/2018.
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