Karteikarten
Memory A03
Karten in diesem Stapel (8)
- 1Working memory model-SE- KF could learn visual but not auditory info- STM is not a unitary store.
-SE from brain studies- Braver (1997) Increased activity in the PFC as a task got harder. Demands on CE increase. PhysicalR
- Word length effect, Bad(1975), limited space for rehearsal in articulatory process (2secs), Phon loop.
- Lack of external validity - 2MSM- SE- Clive W. lost use of STM but not LTM, unitary stores
- Oversimplified- KF
-LTM not unitary- HM
-Lack of external validity P&P used nonsense trigrams / or case studies - 3LTM-SE- HM - not unitary
- SE from B.scans- Tulving (1994) activity in different regions of the brain when doing episodic or semantic tasks.
-Doesn't explain priming. This is when exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another. May not be the only 3 . Incomplete.
-Positive I- Belleville(2006) episodic memories can be improved in older people with cognitive deficits. Highlights benefits of distinguishing between them x they allow for specific treatments to be developed. - 4Interference-SE- Postman(1960)
-Doesnt account for the idea that interference can be overcome by cues. Tulving (1971) recall of list fell subsequently from 71% as each new list was learnt but not if given the names of each category (cue). Memories are still there, just prevents access- retrieval failure may be the real issue.
- External validity - artificial tasks and ecological validity. - 5Retrieval failure- SE- Godden&B (1975).
- Lacks mundane realism - not environments that most people are regularly- not generalisable to everyday life.
-RLA- Cognitive I uses ContextR- Kohnken- led to 81% increase in accurate info compared to SI.
-Not complete- replication of G&B(1980) using recognition instead of recall. No context dependent effect. Limited to recall. - 6Misleading Info-SE - Loftus and Palmer (1974)
-Lacks mundane realsim- artificial materials - video clips. Contrasts to Yuille and Cutshall (1986) who found that there was accurate recall in a real crime. Very different expereiences that doesnt reflect the real world response.
- RWA- Cognitive I- reduces misleading questions- effectiveness suggests MI impacts accuracy of recall.
- Lacks external validity - People put in more effort in a real crime.
-- Demand characteristics- controlled lab setting- more attentive to the clips and want to be helpful so may try give answers even if they don't know them. - 7Anxiety-Limitation of Y&C(1986). - Lacked control over EV. Interviewed months after meaning accuracy may have been influenced by media, PED. Can't determine that it was increased anxiety.
- May test surprise not anxiety- Pickel (1998)- High surprise objects had less accurate recall- weapon focus due to surprise not anxiety.
-Demand Characteristics- may be more attentive in study or give helpful responses. Not actually reflecting the role of anxiety, inaccurate results.
- PI - development of the enhanced cognitive interview to reduce anxiety.
-Issues with the Yerkes Dodson law - 8Cognitive Interview-SE for effectiveness- Geiselman (1986)
- Real world supporting evidence- Kohnken (1999) 81% increase in correct info.
- Also 61% increase in incorrect info - should be used with caution as it could lead to confusion in cases were inaccurate and accurate info cannot be distinguished.
- Not most convenient- Time consuming as they 'report everything'. Distract from other cases or may mean that other important witnesses leave if on a crime scene. Not to be used in all cases.
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- Psychology Karteikarten am Memory A03 , erstellt von Nicole McNally am 02/04/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Nicole McNally
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