Karteikarten
Lipids
Karten in diesem Stapel (28)
- 1What are the types of Lipids?Lipids that include fatty acids in their structure:
• Triglycerides (fat storage molecule)
• Phospholipids (Cell membrane)
Lipids that do not contain fatty acids are:
• Steroids
• Cholesterol
• Cortisol (‘stress’ hormone)
• Sex hormones (estrogen, testosterone)
• Fatty Acids - 2When phospholipid molecules are mixed vigorously in water, they will often form micelles (aggregate of homogeneous solution), as shown. Explain why.The water isn't able to dissolve the phospholipids, as its hydrophobic due to the long hydrocarbon chain
- 3The inside and outside of cells are aqueous (Watery) environments. Explain why the phospholipids they contain are in the form of a bilayer (double layer).This allows the polar heads of the phospholipids to interact with the water both inside and outside the cell and the non-polar tails to interact (i.e. in terms of passive diffusion)
- 4What are the functions of lipids in the body?• Storage of energy
• Source of energy
• Basic component of cell membranes
• Chemical messengers – e.g. steroid hormones - 5What is the structure of Lipids?Long Hydrocarbon chain
Carboxyl group - 6What is a Saturated molecule?A molecule with only single bonds
- 7What are the characteristics of a Saturated Fatty Acid?Single bonds C-C
High MP
Solid at room temperature
High attraction between chains - 8What is an Unsaturated molecule?A molecule with double or triple bonds
- 9Outline the characteristics of Unsaturated Fatty Acids.• Contain one or more double (C=C) bonds
• Cis isomer put “kinks” in the fatty acid chains
• Molecules cannot pack closely
• Have few attractions between chains
• Have low melting points
• Are liquids at room temperature - 10What is the structural formula of Saturated Fatty AcidsEnter text here...
- 11What is the structural formula of Unsaturated Fatty AcidsEnter text here...
- 12Compare Cis- and Trans- isomersBoth occur in Unsaturated molecules, but Cis-isomers are have hydrogens on the same side of the double bond, whilst Trans-isomers have hydrogens on different sides (across) of the double bond.
- 13Can you rotate an unsaturated molecular model about the double bond?No
- 14In an unsaturated molecule, does it have a high or low melting point?Low MP
- 15What is meant by polyunsaturated?Many double bonds
- 16What is would the structural formula of 1-propanol have in it?Prop = 3 carbon atoms
-ol = Alcohol
1- = Hydroxyl group on its 1st carbon (from the left) in chain - 17What is would the structural formula of 1,2,3-propantriol have in it?Prop = 3 carbon atoms
-triol = 3 hydroxyl groups
-ol = Alcohol
1,2,3- = Hydroxyl groups on 1st, 2nd and 3rd carbons - 18What would be formed from the atoms which are left over from the reaction between glycerol and decanoic acid?Serine
- 19Why are ‘Trans’ fats a problem?• Trans- isomers of unsaturated fats found in processed foods
• The shape of molecule means they behave like saturated fat molecules ie long and straight
• The molecules are able to pack together tightly
• More energy is required to separate them
• Higher boiling points than “cis” fats
* Associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease - 20What are Triglycerides?The main storage lipid molecule of our body
Lipid stored in adipose tissue
Composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
Example of Triglyceride: glyceryl tripalmitoleate
- 21What are Phospholipids?• Often called glycerophospholipids
• The most abundant lipids in plasma (cell) membranes
- 22What is the structure of a Phospholipid?• glycerol
• Two fatty acids
• Phosphate group
• A small polar molecule
Forms a ‘bilayer’ structure
- 23What are the characteristics of Steroids?A steroid molecule consists of a characteristic 4-ring hydrocarbon structure
e.g. Cholestrol
- 24What are the characteristics of Synthetic Steroids?• Unwanted side-effects
-- Anabolic steroids --
• Are synthetic derivatives of testosterone
• Are used (illegally) to increase muscle mass.
• Have side effects including infertility, growth effects (short stature), fluid retention, gyneomastia, liver damage etc. - 25What is the structure and source of Cholesterol?• A hydrocarbon with a hydroxyl group (-O-H) attached to the steroid nucleus.
• Consumed in diet from meats, milk, and eggs.
• Is synthesized in the liver
• Most abundant steroid lipid in the body - 26What is the importance/function of Cholesterol?• Cholesterol is a key component of the plasma (cell) membrane - it helps to control the fluidity of the membrane
Brain and nerve tissue
*Cholesterol in the Body – too much is a health hazard! - 27What are some other examples of steroids?--- Sex Hormones ---
• Testosterone
• Estrogen
• Progesterone
--- Adrenal Gland Hormones ---
• Glucocorticoids regulate carbohydrate and protein metabolism in the body (e.g. cortisol)
• Mineralocorticoids are responsible for electrolyte and water balance in the body (e.g. aldosterone) - 28What are some examples of Unsaturated Fats?Omega-6 Fatty Acids
e.g. linoleic acid
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
e.g. linoleic acid
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- Beschreibung
- Biomedical Science (Topic 2 - Building Blocks of the body) Karteikarten am Lipids, erstellt von Jack Henderson am 08/04/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Jack Henderson · Apr 2018
- Aktualisiert
- 12 Apr 2018
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