Karteikarten
Creativity Flashcards
Karten in diesem Stapel (38)
- 1Define CreativityCreativity: The ability to generate ideas or alternatives that might be useful in problem-solving
- 2What are the 3 types of creativity as indicated by Boden (2004)?1.) Combinational
- New combinations of familiar ideas
2.) Exploratory
- Generation of new ideas by exploration of concepts
3.) Transformational
- Involves transforming search so new ideas can be explored (impossibilist surprise) - 3Describe Amabile's (1983) Componential Model of CreativityHighlighted the 4 necessary components to creativity (3 within the individual, 1 external)
Within the individual:
- Domain-relevant skills
- Creativity-relevant processes
- Intrinsic task motivation
External to the individual:
- Social environment - 4Describe Simonton's (2000) Model of Creativity
- 5Name a type of experiment that uses creativityThe 9 Dot Experiment
- Connect the dots using only straight lines
- Pen cannot be removed from paper upon starting
- 6What is Insightful Problem Solving?Batcheider & Alexander (2012)1.) Alternative representation of problem
2.) Incubation
3.) Productive representation leads to solution
4.) Solution involves using knowledge
5.) Solution is obtained - 7Describe Finke, Ward & Smith's (1992) Geneplore Model of Creative Functioning
- 8What is creativity said to result from?The application of normative cognitive functioning
1.) Retrieval of existing structure memory
2.) Formation of associations
3.) Mental transformations - 9Creativity is broken down into 2 phases, what are they?1.) Generative Phase
- Thoughts, ideas, concepts are generated
2.) Explorative Phase
- Ideas are expanded on and explored further - 10How do we measure creative thinking?Creative Thinking = Divergent Thinking
- Ability to generate ideas that provide many solutions for a given problem
This thinking can be measured by examining
1.) Originality
2.) Fluency
3.) Flexibility
4.) Elaboration - 11Describe the tests Torrence (1966) conducted to examine creative thinkingTest 1: Picture Construction
- Person creates a picture using a jellybean shape as a stimulus on the page
Test 2: Picture Completion
- Person is asked to use 10 incomplete pictures to make 1 whole picture which also has to be labelled
Test 3: Picture Combination
- Person makes object using lines and circles and labels it - 12What do these tests try to do?1.) Tries to get at the tendency to find purpose in something that has no definitive purpose
2.) Calls into play the need to structure, integrate and present an object
3.) Requires ability to return to the same stimulus multiple times and perceive it differently - 13What did Guilford say about Divergent Thinking?- Intelligence is not unitary
- Human intellect is based on a number of abilities - 14How did Guilford demonstrate that IQ tests are not appropriate for measuring divergent thinking?Divergent thinking is the ability to produce numerous creative solutions to a problem
That being said, the most creative people may score lower on IQ tests because they have a different approach to problem solving that uses divergent thinking - 15What is Guilford's (1967) Alternative Uses Task?Participants are required to list as many creative alternative uses for an ordinary object (e.g. brick)
- 16What is the opposite of Divergent Thinking?Convergent Thinking
- Provide the best answer possible rather than the most creative - 17Describe Mednick's (1962) Remote Association TaskParticipants are presented with 3 words and asked to come up with another word which links the previous 3
(measures convergent thinking) - 18Describe Dow & Mayer's (2003) Insightful Problems TaskParticipants presented with a hypothetical situation and asked to come up with as many causes as possible
(measures divergent thinking) - 19What did Hayes (1989) and Simonton (1991) say about the nature of becoming creative?There is always an apprentice stage
- Creative ideas come about as a result of well-developed skills and domain relevant knowledge - 20What is the 4C Model of Creativity by Kaufman & Beghetto (2009)?Kaufman & Beghetto (2009)
- 21What does each of the C's stand for in the 4C Model?Mini C
- Creativity based on personal understanding of word
- "Transformational Learning"
Little C
- Everday problem solving
Pro C
- Creative but not necessarily notably so
Big C
- Creativity is revolutionary - 22How did Simonton (1999) outline a creative personality?- Independent
- Non-conforming
- Unconventional
- Wide interests
- Openness to new experiences
- Behavioural and Cognitive flexibility
- Risk-taker - 23What did McCrae (1987) say about creative personalitiesThe Big 5 traits are good predictors of divergent thinking, specifically openness and extraversion
- 24What characteristics did Feist (1998) outline as being creative?- Openness to new experiences
- Less conventional
- Less conscientious
- Self-confident
- Self-accepting
- Driven
- Ambitious
- Dominant
- Hostile
- Impulsive - 25Did Carl Rogers agree that creativity and psychopathology are linked?No, he argued that creativity is an expression of a fulfilled life leading to self-actualisation and had nothing to do with psychopathology
- 26What did Richards et al (1988) argue in favour creativity and psychopathology being linked?Stated that Bipolar interferes with creative activity
- 27How did Ashby et al (1999) and Jameson (1989) counteract this?Found evidence to suggest that shifts in mental states are associated with positive mood which facilitates creativity
- 28What did Carson (2011) think about the link between creativity and psychopathology?Shared Vulnerability Model
Creativity shares genetically influenced neurocognitive factors and certain forms of mental illness.
Thes factors could manifest as psychopathology or as creative abilities depending on the presence of additional cognitive factors (e.g. high IQ) that may prevent severe consequences of mental disorder - 29What is Savant Syndrome?A condition in which someone with significant mental disabilities demonstrates certain abilities that are above average
- Most related to memory - 30Case Study - Stephen WilshireCan draw large accurate representations of cities after having only briefly observed them
- 31Case Study - Kim PeekThe nerves which connect the two hemispheres of the brain are missing
- Memorised 12,000 books including the Bible
- Expert on 15 subjects
- Can read 2 pages at once
- Reads and memorises a page in 8-10 seconds - 32What did Carlsson (2000) identify when conducting fMRI studiesHigher levels of prefrontal brain activation in the Alternative Uses Task than in the Intelligence-Related Verbal Fluency Task
- 33What did Goel & Vartanian (2005) observe?Creative-problem solving exhibited more activation than intelligence-related problem solving in the left dorsal lateral, and in the right-ventral lateral prefrontal cortex
- 34Describe the experiment conducted by Fink et al (2009)Split participants into 2 groups (high originality, low originality) based on their creativity in generating ideas during the AU task
Those who showed high originality had more activation in the right hemisphere
Those who showed low originality, showed activation in both hemispheres
= Corresponds with literature which suggests that the right side of the brain is more creative, while the left side is more logical - 35What does the study of Alzheimer's contribute in regards to creativityAlzheimer's is a degenerative disease in which damage is diffused throughout the brain, therefore you would expect someone with Alzheimer's to not be as creative as someone without
- 36What did Zaidel (2005) find?That those with Alzheimer's appeared to continue to produce creative artwork even when the disease worsened
- 37What did De Soliza et al (2010) find?That there is a frontal variant of frontotemporal Dementia which causes diminished creativity
- 38Case Study - Anne AdamsHas Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia and Degeneration of the Frontal Cortex
- Responsible for visuo-motor search and attentional control
However, she still produces creative artwork
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Core Psychology (Creativity) Karteikarten am Creativity Flashcards, erstellt von Kirsten Wright am 27/04/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Kirsten Wright
- Aufrufe
- 0
- Bewertung