Karteikarten
Acid-Base Balance
Karten in diesem Stapel (17)
- 1What is a normal blood pH?7.4
- 2How do you calculate blood pH from given values?pH = pKa + log [HCO3-]/[CO2]
- 3What are the axis of a Davenport diagram?Y-axis = Plasma HCO3- concentration
X-axis = Plasma pH - 4How will a Davenport diagram differ with change to PCO2 or change in non-volatile acid or baes?
- 5List the primary causes of acid-base disturbancesIncreased or decreased CO2
Increased or decreased non-volatile acid
Increased or decreased to non-volatile base - 6What are the pH values for acidosis & alkalosis?pH of <7.35 = Acidosis
pH of >7.45 = Alkalosis - 7Describe, with the use of a Davenport diagram, respiratory acidosisRespiratory acidosis results form a rise in PCO2 or fall in HCO3-
- 8How is respiratory acidosis compensated for?Renal compensation
- increased HCO3- secretion from the kidneys raises pH back to normal as equilibrium shifts to the left
Note... opposite is true for respiratory alkalosis - 9What are the main causes of respiratory acidosis?COPD
Blockage of airways
Lung collapse
Chest wall injury
Drugs which reduce respiratory drive - 10Describe, with the use of a Davenport diagram, respiratory alkalosisRespiratory alkalosis results from a decrease in PCO2
- 11What causes respiratory alkalosis?Hyperventilation
Increased ventilation from hypoxic drive - pneumonia, diffuse interstitial lung disease, high altitude etc. - 12Describe, with the use of a Davenport diagram, metabolic acidosisMetabolic acidosis results from an increase in H+ resulting in a decrease in HCO3-
- 13How is metabolic acidosis compensated for?Respiratory compensation
- lower pH is detected by peripheral chemoreceptors causing an increase in ventilation to lower PCO2
- slow renal compensation is also required to remove excess H+ or restore HCO3- - 14What causes metabolic acidosis?Loss of HCO3- e.g. diarrhoea
Exogenous acid overdose eg. aspirin
Ketogenesis
Renal failure - 15Describe, with the use of a Davenport diagram, metabolic alkalosisMetabolic alkalosis results from an increase in HCO3- or fall in H+
- 16How is metabolic alkalosis compensated for?Increased pH is detected by peripheral chemoreceptors, which decrease ventilation to increased PCO2
- small renal response to produce for H+ - 17What causes metabolic alkalosis?Vomiting - loss of HCL
Ingestion of alkali substances
Potassium depletion e.g. diuretic use
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- Beschreibung
- MD3001 (Respiratory System) Karteikarten am Acid-Base Balance, erstellt von Lareyna Mcmenemy am 03/12/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Lareyna Mcmenemy
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