Karteikarten
anxiety
Karten in diesem Stapel (15)
- 1What is anxiety?a state of emotional and physical arousal in response to a stressful situation
- 2What are physical effects of anxeity?Increased heart beat and rapid breathing
- 3What was the aim of Christianson and Hubinette's research?To investigate whether anxiety can have a positive effect on eye witness testimony recall when the event involved a real threat to one's life
- 4What was the procedure of Christianson and Hubinette's research?They investigated 110 real life eye witnesses from a bank robbery in Sweden. They were either onlookers (low anxiety) or threatened by the robbers (high anxiety). They were interviewed 4-15 months after the event.
- 5What were the results of Christianson and Hubinette's research?All witnesses showed generally good memories of the events, with all participants having at least 75% accurate recall. In fact, the high anxiety witnesses had the best recall of all.
- 6What was the conclusion of Christianson and Hubinette?Anxiety improves the accuracy of the eyewitness testimony.
- 7What was the aim of Johnson and Scott?To see if anxiety affects the accuracy of eye witness testimony and facial recognition.
- 8What was the procedure of Johnson and Scott?Participants were invited to a lab and instructed to wait outside. They were then involved in one of two conditions: in the 'non weapon' condition, the participants overheard a conversation in the lab about equipment failure and saw an individual leave the lab with a pen in his hand and greasy fingers. In the 'weapon' condition, participants overheard a heated exchange, breaking glass and the crashing of chairs. They then saw a man ran out the lab with a bloodied letter opener. Both groups were shown 50 photographs and had to identify the individual who left the lab
- 9What were the results of Johnson and Scott?Those who had witnessed the 'non weapon' condition correctly identified the original 49% of the time, compared to those who witnessed the 'weapon' condition- they correctly identified the individual 33% of the time
- 10What was the conclusion of Johnson and Scott?Participants who were exposed to the weapon condition had higher levels of anxiety and were more likely to focus on the weapon than the face of the individual. This is known as the weapon focus effect. Therefore, anxiety associated with seeing a weapon reduces the accuracy of the eyewitness testimony.
- 11What does the Yerkes-Dodson law suggest about anxietylow anxiety leads to low eyewitness accuracy, but the memory becomes more accurate as the level of anxiety experienced increases. However, when the optimum level of anxiety is exceeded, their recall of events suffers a drastic decline.
- 12What is a strength of research into anxiety?Christianson and Hubinette has high ecological validity and mundane realism. This is because the study is a natural experiment that took place in a real life setting, so no manipulation of variables took place. This means the finding that anxiety has a positive effect on recall can be generalised to real-life eyewitnesses.
- 13What is a weakness of the Christianson and Hubinette research?It lacks internal validity. As a natural experiment, the independent variable hadn't been deliberately manipulated as it would be unethical to put participants in a high anxiety situation so that researchers could take advantage of the natural event. This means that we cannot be certain that anxiety has caused the positive effect on recall as we cannot establish cause and effect.
- 14What is a weakness of the Johnson and Scott research?The study lacks ecological validity. Although the participants were waiting in the lab, they may have anticipated that something was going to happen, which may have affected the accuracy of their judgement. As well as this, there is conflicting evidence from a real life study (Christianson and Hubinette). This means that Johnson and Scott's results do not represent real life cases of anxiety.
- 15What is another weakness of Johnson and Scott?The findings of Johnson and Scott may not actually be down to anxiety. This is because the study may be testing surprise rather than anxiety- the reason why the participants may be focused on the weapon is because they are surprised, not scared. Pickel conducted an experiment which involved the handheld item being either scissors, a handgun, a wallet or a raw chicken in a hairdressers. Eyewitness accuracy was its poorest in conditions where the item was unusual for its context e.g. the handgun or the raw chicken. This means the weapon focus effect may be due to unusualness rather than anxiety/threat.
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- GCSE Psychology Karteikarten am anxiety, erstellt von Emily Mawson am 02/09/2020.
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- Emily Mawson
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