Karteikarten
4. Learning theories
Karten in diesem Stapel (17)
- 1Which approach in Psych do these theories come from?Behaviourist
- 2Do they advocate Nature or Nurture when it comes to behaviour?Nurture
- 3What are the two learning theories again?1. Classical conditioning
2 Operant conditioning - 4What does the first learning theory say about how we learn?Learning by ASSOCIATION
- 5What is another name for this theory?Cupboard love
- 6What does the second learning theory say about how we learn?Learning by CONSEQUENCES
- 7In classical conditioning describe the before process in terms of attachment?UCS: Food ----------> UCR: Pleasure
- 8During the process?UCS: Food+ NS: Mother------> UCR: Pleasure
- 9After the process?CS: Mother------> CR: Pleasure
- 10So overall how is it that this theory suggests how attachment occurs?Attachment is a nurtured process, learnt through the environment where the infant associates the food they receive and the pleasure they feel when fed to the mother (who is always present when being fed) therefore associating the mother with joy.
- 11Describe operant conditioning.Learning to repeat behaviour, or not, depending on its consequences. A pleasant consequence is more likely to lead to the behaviour being repeated and an unpleasant consequence means it is less likely to be repeated.
- 12What are the four descriptions of behavioural reactions to responses?1. Positive reinforcement
2. Negative reinforcement
3. Positive punishment
4. Negative punishment - 13Which theory can be described to be voluntary/reflexive?CC= Reflexive
OC= Voluntary - 14Describe the behaviour and consequence within each response.1. = strengthened with a pleasant consequence.
2. =strengthened with the removal of something pleasant.
3. =weakened with an unpleasant consequence.
4. =weakened with the removal of a pleasant stimulus. - 15Describe how this theory explain why babies cry for comfort.When b's cry, the care giver gives a response by e.g feeding.
As long as they give the correct response the behaviour is reinforced, therefore it is directed at the care-giver who responds with social suppressor (comforting) behaviour.
2 way process= 1. B is reinforced by crying
2. Cg has negative reinforcement cuz crying stops
This mutual reinforcement strengthens attachment. - 16What is the third learning theory? Describe it.Attachment is a secondary drive, hunger is a primary drive and therefore we are motivated to eat to reduce the hunger drive.
Sears et al- The hunger drive becomes associated with the care giver because they feed them, therefore becomes a secondary drive, an association. - 17What are the three disadvantages of learning theories?1. Animal studies show that feeding is not necessarily the key to attachment
(Lorenz- imprinted b4 fed, Harlow- attached to cloth surrogate with no food)
2. S&E- primary attachment to primary care giver but often many other carers did most of feeding ( no cs or primary drive involved)
3. ignores the factors of interactional synchrony and reciprocity as key factors of attachment (evidence for better attachment with sensitive caregivers).
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- AS - Level Psychology (Attachment (1)) Karteikarten am 4. Learning theories, erstellt von Ellie Winterburn am 31/03/2016.
- Erstellt von
- Ellie Winterburn
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- 6
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