Karteikarten
Memory Key terms
Karten in diesem Stapel (26)
- 1codingthe format which information is stored in various memory stores
- 2Capacitythe amount of information that can be held in a memory store
- 3Durationthe length of time information can be held in the memory
- 4Short term memory (STM)the limited- capacity memory store. Coding is mainly acoustic (sounds), capacity is mainly between 5 and 9 items on average, duration is between 18 and 30 seconds
- 5Long term memory (LTM)the permanent memory store. Coding is mainly semantic (meaning), it has limited capacity and can store memories for up to a lifetime.
- 6Multi-store model (MSM)A representation of how memory works in terms of three stores called sensory register, STM and LT. It also describes how information is transferred from one store to another, how it is remembered and how it is forgotten.
- 7Sensory registerthe memory stores for each of our five senses, such as vision (iconic store) and hearing (echoic store). Coding in the iconic sensory register is visual and in the echoic sensory register it is acoustic. the capacity is huge and lasts for a short time (half a second)
- 8Episodic memoryA LTM store for personal events. It includes memories of when the events occurred and of the people, objects, places and behaviours involved. Memories from this store have to be retrieved consciously and with effort.
- 9Semantic memoryA LTM store for our knowledge of the world. This includes facts and our knowledge of what words and concepts mean. These memories need to be recalled deliberately.
- 10Procedural memoryA LTM store for our knowledge of how to do things. This includes our memories of learned skills. We usually recall these memories without making conscious or deliberate effort.
- 11The working memory model (WMM)A representation of STM. It suggest STM is a dynamic processer of different types of information using sub units co-ordinated by a central decision making system.
- 12Central executive (CE)the component od the WMM that co-ordinates the activities of the three subsystems in memory. It also allocates processing resources to those activities.
- 13Phonological loop (PL)the component of the WMM that processes information in terms of sound. This includes both written and spoken material. Its divided into the phonological store and the articulatory process.
- 14Visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)the component of the WMM that processes visual and spatial information in a mental space often called our inner eye.
- 15Episodic Buffer (EB)The component of the WMM that brings together material from the other subsystems into a single memory rather than separate strands. It also provides a bridge between working memory and long term memory.
- 16Interferenceforgetting because one memory blocks another causing one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten.
- 17Proactive interference (PI)forgetting occurs when older memories already stored, disrupt the recall of fewer memories. The degree of forgetting is greater when the memories are similar.
- 18Retroactive interference (RI)forgetting occurs when newer memories disrupt recall of older memories already stored. The degree of forgetting is again greater when the memories are similar.
- 19Retrieval failureA form of forgetting. It occurs when we don't have the necessary cues to access memory. The memory is available but not accessible unless a suitable cue is provided.
- 20CueA trigger of info that allows us to access a memory. Such cues may be meaningful or may be indirectly linked by being encoded at the time of learning. Eg external (environmental context) internal (mood)
- 21Eye witness testimony (EWT)The ability of people to remember the details of events such as accidents/crimes which thy have observed themselves. Accuracy of EWT can be affected by factors such as misleading info, leading questions and anxiety.
- 22Misleading informationIncorrect information given to the eye witnesses usually after the event (post event information). It takes many forms, leading questions and post-event discussion between co-witnesses and/or other people.
- 23Leading questionA question which suggests a certain answer
- 24post-event discussion (PED)occurs when there is more than one witness to an event. Witnesses may discus what they have seen with co-witnesses or other people. This can influence the accuracy of each witness's recall of the event.
- 25AnxietyA state of emotion and physical arousal. The emotions include having worried thoughts and feelings of tension. Physical changes include increased heart rate and sweatiness. Its a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can effect the accuracy of EWT.
- 26cognitive interviewA method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate memories. report everything, reinstate the context, reverse the order and change perspective
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- AS level Psychology Karteikarten am Memory Key terms, erstellt von Bronagh Tea am 20/10/2016.
- Erstellt von
- Bronagh Tea · Okt 2016
- Aktualisiert
- 15 Nov 2016
- Aufrufe
- 0
- Bewertung