Karteikarten
Behavourism
Karten in diesem Stapel (16)
- 1Key Assumptions (3)-Learning from experience
-Learning by association
-Learning by consequence - 2What is the most common experiment used to study behaviour?Laboratory Experiments
- 3Why do behaviourist use non-human experiments? (3)-Easy to handle in large numbers.
-Unethical to do stuff on humans.
-Easy to repeat (reliable). - 4What are problems with using non-human research?-Can't ignore ethical rights of animals.
-Laboratories are artifical (low validity).
-Hard to generalise results. - 5Classical Conditioning believes......that behaviour is learnt by association.
- 6{C.C} Pavlovs (1890's), dogs salivate at the sight, smell or taste of food. What did Pavlov attempt to do in his experiment?Pavlov attempted to make his dog associate the ringing of a bell with food, leading to the dog salivating at the sound of the bell.
- 7Pavlov (1980's) What is the: 1. Unconditioned Stimulus 2. Unconditioned Response 3. Neutral Stimulus 4. Conditioned Stimulus 5. Conditioned Response1. Food
2. Salivation
3. Bell
4. Bell (after conditioning)
5. Salivation from the bell - 8ExtinctionIf a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus, the the conditioned response will disappear.
- 9Spontaneous recoveryWhen a conditioned response of extinguished. However the conditioned stimulus is presented again the conditioned response may reappear.
- 10Stimulus generalisationWhen something similar to the conditioned stimulus triggers the conditioned response
- 11Operant Conditioning is...Learning by consequence.
- 12What were Skinner Boxes used for?To have rats or other small animals press a lever to recieve food, thus receiving positive reinforcements.
- 13What types of reinforcements are there and how do they effect behaviour? (3)-Positive Reinforcement, increases possibility of a response.
-Negative, increases the probability of a response.
-Punishment, decreases probability of a response. - 14Common reinforcement schedules (4)1)Fixed Interval-given at a fixed time
2)Variable Interval-given on an average time
3)Fixed Ratio-given at a fixed number
4)Variable ratio-given on average number - 15Advantages+Theories can be applied to the real world
+Lab.E are vigorous and controlled
+C.C has lead to real world app. like systematic desensitisation - 16Disadvantages-Ignores mental processes
-Ignores biology. Nurture rather than nature
-The study of animals makes it hard to generalise with humans.
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- AS level Psychology Karteikarten am Behavourism, erstellt von Jovi Ridd am 22/11/2016.
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- Jovi Ridd
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