Karteikarten
Memory AQA AS
Karten in diesem Stapel (43)
- 1Multi Store ModelProposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin who proposed 3 seperate memory stores or components. According to the MSM, all of our sensory memory ans the memory moves to the STM
- 2Multi Store Model of Memory
- 3Sensory MemoryCoding: In the form it's received
Capacity: Large
Duration: 1/4 second- visual, 4 seconds-
auditory - 4STMCoding: Mainly auditory
Capacity: 7 +- 2 items
Duration: Around 30 seconds - 5LTMCoding: Mainly semantic
Capacity: Unlimited
Duration: relatively permanent - 6Phonological LoopHad 2 parts- the articulatory loop and the primary acoustic store. The PL is responsible for processing sound based information
- 7WMMThe MSM was seen as too simplistic so Baddeley and Hitch proposed the Working Memory Model for the Short Term Memory
- 8Central ExecutiveHas a limited capacity and coordinates the operation of the other components. It allows selective attention to stimuli
- 9Articulatory LoopHas a limited capacity that is determined by how long it takes to say something.
- 10Primary Acoustic StoreThe primary acoustic store has a limited auditory rehearsal system
- 11Episodic BufferA general store- a slave system dealing with processing and temporary storage of specific types of information
- 12Visuospatial SketchpadA visual and spatial rehearsal system where we can imagine and manipulate visual and spatial information. It also helps us monitor where we are in relation to other objects in the environment
- 13Long Term Memory
- 14Procedural MemoryCannot be consciously inspected. It is a motor or action based memory that is acquired through repetition and practice.
- 15Declarative MemoryCan be consciously inspected
- 16Episodic MemoryMemories which we have experienced ourselves or which we have heard from another source
- 17Semantic memoryContains information about the world and used without reference to where and when it was learnt
- 18SperlingPps were able to recall all the letters in a row that they had been cued which means that the sensory memory can hold a large amount of information for a brief period of time
- 19Digit SpanDesigned to test the capacity of the STM. It was found that pps could recall a maximum of 7 items, unless chunking was used
- 20BaddeleyFound that pps found it difficult to generate lists of numbers while switching between numbers and typing letters on a keyboard.
Found that more words were recalled in chunks
Discovered that there is a third slave system that deals with processing and temporary storage of information - 21Gathercole and BaddeleyPps struggled in tracking a moving point of light and perform another simultaneous verbal task
- 22Klaner and ZhaoFound that there was more interference between 2 visual tasks than a visual and spatial task
- 23HMHad most of his hippocampus removed. Could recall events from before the operation but could not store new information- both episodic and semantic memories were affected but could learn new procedures
- 24Clive WearingHad a moment to moment memory. Some procedure like playing the piano were stored but if you asked him if he could play the piano, he'd say no
- 25ForgettingDue to the availability of the forgotten information as it may not have been stored in the first place or the accessibility of information
- 26Interference theoryAssumes that forgetting is caused by conflict from other information, one memory blocks another causing one, or both memories to be distorted
- 27Proactive InterferenceWhen what we already know interferes with what we are currently learning
- 28Retroactive InterferenceWhen more recent learning interferes with the recall of earlier material
- 29Retrieval FailureDue to memories not being recalled because the correct retrieval cues are not being used.
- 30Tulvingsuggested that if a cue is to help us recall information, it has to be present at encoding and at retrieval
- 31Context dependent forgettingrefers to the environmental cues that were present that during learning but absent at retrieval
- 32State dependent forgettingRefers to the physiological or psychological state that a person is in when learning took place which are absent at the recall stage
- 33Human memorynot just a factual recording of what has occurred but it is a reconstructive process
- 34Eye Witness TestimonyVital to police and courts
- 35The Inverted U HypothesisSees moderate amounts of arousal as improving the accuracy of recall
- 36Cognitive InterviewDesigned to improve the accuracy of EWT
- 37Cognitive Interview procedure- Mentally reinstate the context of the crime.
-Report everything, however insignificant
-Recount the events in a different order
- Report from a different perspective - 38Recommendations for the cognitive interview- Minimise distractions
-use easy to understand language
- Relax and speak slowly
-Description should be reviewed - 39Godden and BaddeleyLearning words on land or underwater
- 40Goodwin et alRemembering while drunk or sober
- 41Loftus et alEstimating the speed at which two cars were travelling before a crash using leading words
- 42Yuille and CutshallMisleading questions had no effect on recall following witnessing a theft
- 43Johnson and ScottPen + grease or knife + blood... Pen condition recall= 49% and Knife condition= 33% because of weapon focus
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- A level Psychology (Memory) Karteikarten am Memory AQA AS, erstellt von Ewa Klonowicz am 15/03/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Ewa Klonowicz
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