Karteikarten
Developmental: What is Intelligence?
Karten in diesem Stapel (6)
- 1What is the single-factor model?Assumes that there is one general factor of intelligence, commonly referred to as 'G'
The 'G' factor is responsible for success across a range of different factors - 2Evidence to support the single-factor model* Spearman (1904) administered different types of tests, covering several cognitive abilities, to many people.
Found positive correlation between the tests for a given individual, called this the positive manifold
* Carroll (1993) further developed this into a model known as the three-stratum model
* Eysenck (1982) found a high correlation between IQ and reaction time
The speed of information processing is the essential basis of G - 3What is the multi-factor model?It assumes that there are various different types of intelligence, i.e. you can have one kind of intelligence but not necessarily another
- 4What is Gardner's theory>* Gardner (1983) suggests there are 7 different forms of intelligence (linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily, interpersonal, interpersonal and logic-mathematical)
Found that certain brain parts do map with certain cognitive functioning as evidenced by certain brain damage leading to loss of certain cognitive function - 5What evidence is there around sex differences and intelligence?* Halpern (1967) found particular difference in cognitive ability between the two sexes e.g. women perform better in tasks requiring verbal fluency + areas of knowledge e.g. language
Whilst men perform better in tasks involving mental rotation and scientific knowledge
* Haler et al (2005) MRI scans show men have more grey matter in their frontal and parietal lobes, whilst women have more grey matter in areas of the frontal lobes + broca's area
* Van Goozen et al (1995) found in a study of female-to-male transsexuals given testosterone significant increases in visual-spatial ability combined with lowered scores on verbal-fluency tasks. - 6What evidence is there around genetic-factors and intelligence?* Scarr+Weinberg (1978) compared intellectual abilities of parents and their adopted/biological children
Found stronger correlations between biological relatives than adopted relatives
* Plomin+Defries (1998) compared MZ and DZ twins on measures of spatial and verbal skills + found similarity between MZ was significantly greater
* Desirivieres et al (2014) analysed MRI scans + intelligence testing of a large sample of teenagers
Found the NPTN gene important in explaining variation
Those with a particular variant had a thinner layer of grey matter in the left-cerebral hemisphere
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- AS level Psychology (CO3) Karteikarten am Developmental: What is Intelligence?, erstellt von Zoe Rossall am 22/01/2018.
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- Zoe Rossall
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