Karteikarten
SP301: memory
Karten in diesem Stapel (23)
- 1What is the modal model/ stage theory of memory by Atkinson and Shiffrin.An algorithmic explanation of the processing, storage and retrieval of memories.
- 2Explain what is sensory memory and what is its capacity?Raw inputs from the environment that we process. This could be due to limited capacity or limited TIME availability.
Can only take in around 3-4 items - 3Explain what is short-term memory and what is the capacity?- Temporary storage
- Around 15 seconds (as seen from the consonant trigram study --> Decay theory from Peterson and Peterson). - 4What is working memory?Currently active used for reasoning, comprehension and is not as passive as STM.
- 5In the WMM, what is the central executive?Top of the hierarchy,
Allocates attention and operations
Limited capacity - 6In the WMM, what is the Phonological loop?Verbal rehearsal loop
Articulatory process. - 7Visuospatial sketchpadStores visual and spatial information
Can handle more than one stimulus at once - 8How do dual-task studies show the different factions of WMMBaddeley and Hitch showed that using the same component would create an impairment if different there would be no impairment.
- 9What is the physiological aspect of WMM?PFC prefrontal cortex is involved in memory maintenance and the WMM.
The PN is in the auditory cortex.
The VSS may include occipital lobe visual cortex. - 10Which study shows LTM and STM use different regions of the brain?Clive wearing--> Impaired hippocampus/ temporal lobe--> LTM
STM was in tact. - 11Why is primacy and recency effect occurring in STM?Primacy: rehearsal and repetition--> Leading to movement into LTM.
Recency: At the forefront of STM. - 12What part of the brain does KF have a lesion in and what was the effect?Left parietal-occipital lesion. Reduced digit span and had a problem with serial position in that he had poor recency memory. STM impairment.
- 13LTMA vast collection of knowledge, beliefs, past events with a hierarchy of memory types.
- 14What is explicit memory and what are the types.Memories you can consciously recollect:
- Episodic
- Semantic - 15What is implicit memory and what are the types?Is more unconscious and non-declarative.
- Procedural memory
- Priming
- Perceptual learning
- Classical conditioning. - 16Memory errors: What is the misinformation effect?After an experience, suggestion, questions and misinformation skew the memory, leading to false memory recall.
- 17Memory errors: How does schema lead to memory errors? (Bartlett)Schema is the framework and assumptions about the world we have. Sometimes in recall, we assume something is there as that is what usually would be (such as books on a shelf in an office).
- 18Memory errors: How do semantic associations lead to memory errors? DRM paradigm.When words are of similar semantic meaning, a person may assume a word was present even though it wasn't. There is a theme of words, usually derived from a word, but the word is not present, yet people will still recall it.
- 19Memory errors: How does misplaced familiarity lead to memory errors?Familiarity: Rhinal cortex.
Recollection: Hippocampus
If only encoded in the familiarity part, a person will have a sense of knowing something yet unable to recollect it. - 20How can we stop memory errors?Promoting retrieval by using retrieval techniques.
Using memory techniques, such as deeper processing of information.
Some have used hypnosis, although this hasn't proved all successful.
Drugs: sodium amytal- same collection of memory but less filtered and able to talk more. Ginkgo Biloba better for memory recollection, helping with Alzheimers for example. - 21What are flashbulb memories?Episodic memories that are very detailed and explicit, vivid from when they are encoded. They are usually emotionally charged, which is probably a survival mechanism. Usually kept through rehearsal due to the exposure to the event through media, talk etc.
- 22Why are traumatic events often confusing types of memory for researchers?Some have very vivid memories that lead to PTSD, others have no recollection.
Biology: evolutionary adaptiveness for vivid memory whereas the no recollection may have suffered so much stress the protein synthesis needed did not occur. - 23What is anterograde amnesia?The inability to form new memories after a brain trauma, usually in the temporal cortex.
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- Psychology (SP301 ) Karteikarten am SP301: memory , erstellt von chantel Smith am 08/03/2018.
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