Karteikarten
Key Term Definitions in Memory
Karten in diesem Stapel (26)
- 1Short-term memory (STM)Your memory for immediate events measured in seconds and minutes rather than hours and days (i.e. a short duration). They disappear unless they are rehearsed, and also has a limited capacity of about items/chunks. Tends to be coded acoustically and this type of memory is sometimes referred to as working memory.
- 2Long-term memory (LTM)Your memory for events that have happened in the past. This lasts anywhere from 2 minutes to 100 years. It has potentially unlimited duration & capacity, and tends to be coded semantically.
- 3CapacityThis is a measure of how much can be held in memory. It is represented in terms of bits of information (e.g. number of digits).
- 4DurationA measure of how long a memory lasts before it is no longer available.
- 5Coding (also 'encoding')The way information is changed so that it can be stored in memory. Information enters the brain via the senses (e.g. eyes and ears). It is then stored in various forms (e.g. visual codes like a picture, acoustic codes like sounds or semantic codes which is the meaning of the experience).
- 6Sensory register This is the information at the senses - information collected by your eyes, ears, nose, fingers, etc...Information is retained for a very brief period by the sensory registers. We are only able to hold accurate images of sensory information momentarily (less than half a second). The capacity of sensory memory is very large (e.g. all the cells on the retina of the eye). The method of coding depends on the sense organ involved (e.g. visual for the eyes or acoustic for the ears).
- 7Multi-store modelAn explanation of memory based on 3 separate memory stores, and how information is transferred between these stores.
- 8Working memory modelAn explanation of the memory used when working on a task. Each store is qualitatively different.
- 9Central executiveMonitors and coordinates all other mental functions in working memory.
- 10Episodic bufferReceives input from many sources, temporarily stores this information and then integrates it in order to contruct a mental episode of what is being experienced.
- 11Phonological loopCodes speech sounds in owkring memory, typically involving maintenance rehearsal (repeating the words over and over again). This is why this component of working memory is referred to as a 'loop'.
- 12Visuo-Spatial sketchpadCodes visual information in terms of separate objects as well as th arrangement of these objects in one's visual field.
- 13Episodic memoryPersonal memories of events (e.g. what you did yesterday or a teacher you liked). This kind of memory includes contextual details, in addition to emotional tone.
- 14Procedural memoryMemory for how to do things (e.g. riding a bike or learning how to read). Such memories are automatic as the result of repeated practise.
- 15Semantic memoryShared memories are facts and knowledge. These memories may be concrete (e.g. knowing that ice is made of water) or abstract (e.g. mathematical knowledge).
- 16InterferenceAn explanation for forgetting in terms of 1 memory disrupting the ability to recall another. This is most likely to occur when the 2 memories have some similarity.
- 17Proactive interference (PI)Past learning interferes with current attempts to learn something.
- 18Retroactive interference (RI)Current attempts to learn something interfere with past learning.
- 19CuesThings that serve as a reminder. They may meaningfully link to the material to be remembered or may not be meaningfully linked (e.g. environmental cues like a room or cues related to your mental state like being, sad or drunk).
- 20Retrieval failureOccurs due to the absence of cues. An explanation for forgetting based on the idea that the issue relates to being able to retrieve a memory that is there/available but not accessible. Retrieval depends on using cues.
- 21Eyewitness testimonyThe evidence provided in court by a person who witnessed a crime, with a view to identifying the perpetrator of the crime.
- 22Misleading informationSupplying information that may lead a witness' memory for a crime to be altered.
- 23Leading questionA question that either by its form or content, suggests to the witness what answer is desired, or leads them to the desired answer.
- 24Post-event discussionA conversation between co-witnesses or an interviewer and an eyewitness after a crime has taken place, which may contaminate witness' memory for the event.
- 25AnxietyAn unpleasant emotional state that is often accompanied by increased heart rate and rapid breathing (i.e. physiological arousal).
- 26Cognitive interviewA police technique for interviewing witnesses to a crime, which encourages them to recreate the original context of the crime, in order to increase the accessibility of stored information. Because our memory is made up of a network of associations rather than of discrete events, memories are accessed using multiple retrieval strategies.
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- AS level AS Psychology (Key Term Definitions (flashcards)) Karteikarten am Key Term Definitions in Memory, erstellt von Becky . am 07/04/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Becky . · Apr 2018
- Aktualisiert
- 7 Apr 2018
- Aufrufe
- 1
- Bewertung