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Karten in diesem Stapel (45)
- 1what 3 things do you need to know about a relationshipsignificance
strength
direction - 2what 3 directions can a relationship bepositive
negative
zero (non-linear) - 3define bivariatetwo variables involved
- 4what are the two correlation coefficientspearsons r
spearmans rho - 5is pearsons r correlation coefficient parametric or non paraparametric
- 6is spearmans rho correlation coefficient parametric or non paranon parametric
- 7what is the formula for pearsons r?r
- 8what is the formula for spearmans rho?r(s)
small s - 9what would r be for no relationship0
- 10what would r be for max positive relationship+1.0
- 11what would r be for max negative relationship-1.0
- 12what is more important in the strength of a correlation, size or sign?SIZE
- 13correlation is notcausation
- 146 difficulties with correlationsmall samples
non normal distributions
outliers
range effects
heterogenous samples
non linear relationships - 15what is the formula for variancer (squared)
- 16the higher the correlation, the higher thepredictability
- 17what increases with predictabilitycorrelation
- 18what is the scientific name for overlapping informationpartial correlation
- 19is the partial correlation coefficient smaller or larger than the corresponding straight correlation coefficientsmaller
- 20what are the four reasons people ask questions1. to test people (exams, IQ tests, personality tests, clinical tests)
2. to test new theories (about groups/concepts)
3. to understand behaviour (attitudes / habits / beliefs)
4. to test change (social change / interventions / changes w age) - 21what are the two principles of questionnaire design1. addressing concept being measured
2. in the absence of other change lead to the same outcomes - 22what is validity in terms of questionnaire designaddressing concept being measured
- 23what is reliability in terms of questionnaire designin the absence of other change lead to the same outcomes
- 24questionnaires must be designed to be ...analysed
- 25what two things do you need to consider when defining concepts?1. considering multiple definitions (e.g. expert vs lay/dictionary)
2. are the concepts simple or complex (e.g. multidimensional like personality) - 26what 5 examples could we measure via a questionnaire?attributes
psychometric factors
attitudes
beliefs
behaviours - 27what are closed questionswhere the respondent is forced to choose an answer
- 28what are the good thing about closed questionseasy to fill in
easy to code/analyse
easy to get an interval result
good for self report - 29what are the bad thing about closed questionscan miss answers
can introduce bias
can create opinions - 30what are open questionsrespondents can answer as they please
- 31what are the good thing about open questionsgets all the info
doesnt lead the respondent
more natural
best done in interview - 32what are the bad thing about open questionsdifficult to fill in
very difficult to code / analyse
difficult to get an interval result - 33three types of closed question?likert scales (agree/disagree with statement)
self efficacy scales (can relate on scale of 1-10)
semantic differentials (1-5 with trait at each end, pick one closest) - 34what are 13 rules of wording questions?simple language, short questions, no double barrels, no leading qs, no negatives and double negs, likely to know the answer, clear meanings, no prestige bias, no ambiguity, clear frame of reference, no qs that create opinions, no offence, likely to respond
- 35how should you make the questions if you are generating scales for psychological conceptsask enough qs to cover concept being measured without asking too many
- 36what will the form of your investigation be if you need more questions?complex / multidimensional concepts
look at attitudes of beliefs
psychometric factors - 37what will the form of your investigation be if you need fewer questions?only interested in few dimensions
well defined concepts
attributes and behaviours - 38what is acquiescent biaswhen people will agree with everything you say
- 39what is desirability biaspeople will ask according to what they think is desirable
- 40what are 4 solutions to bias in response setsinvert some questions and code them back to front, include contradictory statements and see if respondents agree w both, include dummy or masker questions, try alternative wording at pilot stage
- 41is the item is positive towards a topic, what number is strongly agree and disgaree?strong agree - 5
strong diagree - 1 - 42is the item is negative towards a topic, what number is strongly agree and disgaree?strong agree - 1
strong diagree - 5 - 43is it better to use an already formulated questionnaire or re-invent your own?already made
- 44what are 6 examples of attitudes that can be investigated?socially (un)desirable, response bias, beliefs and opinions, attitude objects may have many different aspects, cultural differences, feelings and action tendencies
- 45how do you quantify attitudes?convert opinions/beliefs/feelings/action tendencies into numbers by asking participants to indicate agreement with a series of statements, assumes that everyone will feel the same way about each statement
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- Beschreibung
- PSYCHOLOGY YEAR 2 (2 rmd) Karteikarten am one, erstellt von Ki Rai am 15/01/2019.
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- Ki Rai
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