Karteikarten
Memory Review
Karten in diesem Stapel (33)
- 1What are the two types of retrieval failure?Context-dependent
State-dependent - 2What cues do we rely on in context-dependent recall?External
- 3Give two pieces of research that support context-dependent retrieval .Godden and Baddeley (1975) got divers to remember information either on land or underwater. They found that recall was worse when recalling in a different context. (not applicable to all forms of forgetting e.g. recognition) Abernathy (1940) found people performed worse when being tested in an unfamiliar room.
- 4Give two pieces of research to support State-dependent retrieval failure.Overton (1972) got participants to learn something when either drunk or sober. He found recall was worse when in a different internal state. Darely et al. (1973) found similar results when participants hid things whilst high on marijuana.
- 5What is retrieval failure?When information in the LTM cannot be accessed. Tulving (1973) referred to it as the 'encoding-specificity principle' - that recall is dependent on accessing the retrieval cue.
- 6Give the aim and procedure for McGeoch and McDonald (1931)Aim - To investigate the effects of memory Procedure - Participants were given a list of 10 words to remember. They were then put in conditions: synonyms, antonyms, unrelated words, consonant syllables, three digit numbers and no other list to remember
- 7What were the findings and conclusions of McGeoch and MacDonald's study (1931)?Findings - the most similar list produced the worst recall Conclusion - interference is strongest when memories are similar
- 8Name one strength and one weakness of McGeoch and MacDonald's study (1931)?Weakness - Low mundane realism Strength - Baddeley and Hitch (1977)'s study on rugby players provides research support
- 9How did Loftus and Palmer suggest the weapons-focus effect impacted memory?Eyewitnesses are unable to register other details if a weapon is involved
- 10Name the research that supports anxiety as a factor affecting EWT?Loftus et al. (1987)
- 11Name the research that questions anxiety as a factor affecting EWT?Yuille and Cutshall
Pickel suggested weapons-focus was due to unusualness not anxiety - 12What do leading questions change in an Eyewitness?Their schema
- 13Outline the procedure of Loftus and Palmer (1971)Procedure - showed participants a film of a car crash and asked how fast the car was going when it _____ the other car, with 5 conditions: smashed, hit, bumped, collided, contacted
- 14What are the criticisms of Misleading information as a factor affecting EWT?Not as applicable to fatcs, as demonstrated by Yuille and Cutshall
- 15Who developed the Cogntive Interview?Fischer and Geiselmann (1992)
- 16Describe RS for the Cognitive InterviewGeiselmann et al. (1985) found it produced more accurate details than a standard interview
- 17Who created the Working Memory Model?Baddeley and Hitch (1974)
- 18What role does the Phonological Loop (PL) play?Deals with auditory information and the order of information
- 19How is the PL coded and what is the PLs capacity?Acoustically coded Limited capacity
- 20What are the two components of the PL?Primary Acoustic Store (Inner ear) Articulatory Process (Inner voice)
- 21What did the case study conducted by Trojani and Grossi (1995) find?Trojani and Grossi (1995) studied SC, who had brain damage that affected his PL not his VSS, suggesting they are two separate systems.
- 22What is the role of the Visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)?Handles non-phonological information and temporarily stores visual and spatial information
- 23What is the role of the Visual Cache?Stores visual information about form and colour
- 24What is the role of the Inner Scribe?Handles the spatial relationships and transfers information to the Central Executive
- 25What is the Central Executive (CE)?Processes sensory information, directs information to the slave systems (VSS and PL) and collects responses. Works more as a controller rather than a memory store.
- 26What is the Episodic Buffer?Stores information from the other slave systems and the CE Works as a pathway between the STM and the LTM
- 27How is the sensory register coded?Iconic - visual Echoic - auditory Haptic - tactile Gustatory - taste Olfactory - smell
- 28Name 3 strengths of the Multi-store modelResearch Support It has provided a basis for all other models Supported by HM
- 29Name 2 weaknesses of the Multi-store modelOversimplified - Baddeley and Hitch argue there are multiple STMs and Tulving identified multiple LTMs Focuses too much on the structure and not on the processes
- 30Where is Procedural memory?It is associated mainly with the neocortex of the brain
- 31Where is the Semantic memory?It is debated as to whether it is in the hippocampus or other areas
- 32Where is the Episodic memory?The Pre-frontal cortex codes for it, the neocortex consolidates and stores it, the hippocampus links it all together
- 33Describe the case study to support Semantic memory.Vicari et al studied CL, an 8-year-old girl with a brain tumour. She had poor episodic memory but could create and recall semantic memories.
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- A level Psychology Karteikarten am Memory Review, erstellt von Bethany Barnes am 07/01/2020.
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