Karteikarten
Memory
Karten in diesem Stapel (20)
- 1EncodingTransformation of sensory information into a form that allows it to be registered into memory
- 2StorageProcess of storing the encoded information
- 3RetrievalProcess of retrieving the stored information from memory
- 4Multi-store model of memory * Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) *Comprised of:
- Sensory register
- STM
- LTM - 5MSM * Sensory register *- Iconic memory = visual sensory store
- Echoic memory = auditory sensory store
- Movement from SR to STM requires attention - 6What is overt attention?Shifting focus by physically moving the eyes / head towards another stimuli
- 7What is covert attention?Shifting focus without physical movement of the eyes / head
- 8MSM * STM *- Capacity = typically 7 +/- 2 (Miller, 1956)
- Shown by digit / letter / word span tasks
- Items can be chunked into meaningful groups so that more info can be remembered
- Duration is short but rehearsal allows much longer retention
- Encoding = phonological - 9How are memories lost from STM?Displacement
- Newer information to enter STM pushes out older items - 10MSM * LTM *- Capacity is very large & difficult to evaluate
- Encoding = semantic - 11Support for MSMBrain damaged patients
- Provides evidence for double dissociation
- HM: impaired LTM but intact STM (Corkin, 1984)
- KF: impaired STM but intact LTM (Shallice & Warrington, 1970)
- If memory is unitary this should not happen - 12Limitations of MSM- Assumes that STM is a gateway to LTM: chunking is done by adding meaning which can only be done by LTM
- Assumes most information gets to LTM through rehearsal - 13Working memory model * Baddely & Hitch (1974) *- Cognitive system that allows both temporary storage & manipulation of info
- Allows performance of more than one task at a time (providing each is processed by a different sub-system) - 14WMM * Central Executive *- Control centre
- Co-ordinates the two sub-systems
- Strategically allocates attention to each sub-system - 15WMM * Episodic buffer *- Temporary storage system
- Holds & integrates information from both sub-systems
- Controlled by the central executive - 16WMM * Phonological loop *Consists of two parts
1 = Phonological store. Holds acoustic / speech
2 = Articulatory control process. Produces our 'inner speech'
- Allows us to sub-vocally rehearse info to keep it refreshed in the phonological store - 17WMM * Visuo-spatial sketchpad *Consists of two parts
1 = Visual cache. Stores input about visual form & colour
2 = Inner scribe. Deals with spatial & movement info - 18Craik & Lockhart (1972): Levels of processing (LOP) model- Perceptual processing: processing material by sensory characteristics = poor retention
- Semantic processing: processing information to extract meaning = better, longer retention - 19Forgetting * Retroactive inhibition *New info gets in the way of recalling old info
- 20Forgetting * Proactive inhibition *Old info prevents recall of new info
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- Psychology (PS1814 - Intro to psychology) Karteikarten am Memory, erstellt von Sian Allen am 31/03/2022.
- Erstellt von
- Sian Allen
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