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Memory

phoebewoodhouse Englisch 57 Karten

Memory

Karten in diesem Stapel (57)

  1. 1Who proposed the multistore model of memory?Atkinson and ShriffrinWho proposed the multistore model of memory?
  2. 2What does the multistore model of memory look like?What does the multistore model of memory look like?
  3. 3What is coding?The format in which we hold information
  4. 4What is capacity?The amount of information that can be stored at any one time
  5. 5What is duration?The length of time for which information can be stored
  6. 6What is the coding in the sensory store?Different store for each sense, therefore type of coding depends on the nature of the information
    Iconic (visual)
    Echoic (acoustic)
    Haptic (touch)
  7. 7What is the coding in STM?Mainly acoustic
    Harder to retain information when it sounds similar
  8. 8What is the coding in LTM?Semantic - give information a meaning
  9. 9What is the capacity of the SR?Potentially very large, takes everything in but very briefly
  10. 10What is the capacity of the STM?Limited = 7+-2
  11. 11What is the capacity of LTM?Potentially unlimitedWhat is the capacity of LTM?
  12. 12What is the duration of the SR?Iconic = 0.5secs
    Echoic = 4secs
  13. 13What is the duration of the STM?Max 30 secs unless rehearsed
  14. 14What is the duration of the LTM?Potentially a life time
    (80% accuracy after 48 years on photo of school class)
  15. 15What did Sperling study and how does it support the MSM?Ppts shown a grid of 12 letters briefly, they could recall on average 4 letters. Asked to recall a single row indicated by the sound of a tone Ppts could remember 3 of the letters in the row.
    Supports claim that SR has a large capacity
  16. 16What did Peterson and Peterson study and how does this support the MSM?Showed ppts trigram, count backwards in 3s to prevent rehearsal, 80% recall after 3 secs, 10% after 18 secs. Supports that STM = limited duration, during this time certain items start to be forgottenWhat did Peterson and Peterson study and how does this support the MSM?
  17. 17What did Conrad study and how does this support the MSM?Supports claim that STM uses acoustic codingWhat did Conrad study and how does this support the MSM?
  18. 18What did Bahrick et al study and how does this support the MSM?Supports claim that LTM is less likely to have retrieval failure if prompted by a photo. May need a cue.What did Bahrick et al study and how does this support the MSM?
  19. 19What did Baddeley study and how does this support the MSM?Supports claim that LTM uses semantic coding.
  20. 20What did Milner study and how does this support the MSM?Supports claim that memory consists of 3 different storesWhat did Milner study and how does this support the MSM?
  21. 21What are the limitations of the MSM?The model says all info is processed in the same way but some things are more memorable than others e.g. Cute, random, upsetting, funny
    Emotional things we don't have to rehearse, flash bulb memory
  22. 22Is the MSM active or passive?Passive
  23. 23What is maintenance rehearsal?Going over and over something does not guarantee it goes into LTM
  24. 24What is elaborative rehearsal?Thinking about it, giving it meaning, striving to understand it, much better way to get info into LTM
  25. 25Who proposed the WM?Baddeley and Hitch
  26. 26What does the working memory model look like?What does the working memory model look like?
  27. 27What is the function of the CE?Allocates tasks to slave systems
  28. 28What is the function of the phonological loop?Holds verbal info. 'inner voice'
  29. 29What is the function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?Temporary store of visual/spatial info
  30. 30What is the function is the episodic buffer?Temporary back up store for slave systems
  31. 31What are the sub components for the visuo-spatial sketchpad?Visual cache and inner scribe
  32. 32What are the sub-components for the phonological loop?Phonological store and the articulatory process
  33. 33What is the articulatory process?'inner voice' rehearses verbal info
  34. 34What did Baddeley et al study that supports working memory?supports claim we can only store the amount of phonological information that we can say in 2 secondsWhat did Baddeley et al study that supports working memory?
  35. 35What did Baddeley and Hitch study and how does it support the WM?Supports claim STM consists of seperate components, such as the CE for making decisions, and PL for holding verbal infoWhat did Baddeley and Hitch study and how does it support the WM?
  36. 36What is a strength of WM?It gives more of a complete account of how STM world that the MSM. Better explanation of how we can multi real
  37. 37What are the types of LTMProcedural, declarative and Procedural and semantic
  38. 38What is procedural memory?Once we have learned something we can do it without conscious thought
  39. 39What is episodic memoryPersonal events that have been time stamped
  40. 40What is declarative memory?Require conscious thought S & E
  41. 41What is semantic memoryKnowledge of the world and facts
  42. 42Who was Hm?Had hippocampus removed
    Studied for 55 years
    Lost his episodic
  43. 43What did Tulving study?Did brain scans of healthy people
    Showed different parts of the brain are active depending on what memory they were using
  44. 44Who was Clive Wearing?Brain damaged
    Still has some procedural
    Semantic still works
    Most episodic memory
  45. 45Why isn't the evidence for LTM credible-lack of pop. validity because they use case studies
    -not necessarily applicable to those who aren't brain damaged
  46. 46What is the encoding specificity principal?The less similar the cues are at the time of encoding and retrieval, the more likely we are to forget
  47. 47What are cues?Other sources of information available at the time of encoding a memory, they act as triggers. There are 2 types
  48. 48What are the 2 types of cues?Context and state cues
  49. 49What are context cues?Aspects of the external environment e.g. weather, people, noises
  50. 50What are state cues?These are internal cues, to do with our psychological and physiological state e.g. how we are feeling, whether we are under the influence of alcohol
  51. 51How did Baker et al support RFT?Ppts are asked to learn a list of 15 words either with or without chewing gum and recalled 24 hours later with its without gum, recall was better if encoding was the same
  52. 52Credibility of evidence for RFT-v different research yet findings are the same=reliable
    -lack of ecological validity
    -gd internal validity
  53. 53Limitation of RFTWe can't be sure if the memory was transferred into LTM so therefore no amount of context cues will help to remember it
  54. 54What is interference?When 2 memories compete with each other. One memory causes the other to be forgotten either because the original memory is 'overwritten', moved or distorted. The more similar they are the more likely they are to be inteferred
  55. 55What are the 2 types of interference?Retroactive and proactive
  56. 56What is retroactive interference?A newly learned memory affects an old memory e.g. when you learn 2 languages
  57. 57What is proactive interference?A string existing memory causes you to forget a newly learned piece of info e.g. getting a new persons name confused with someone you've known for a while

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Karteikarten am Memory, erstellt von phoebewoodhouse am 13/01/2016.
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phoebewoodhouse
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