Karteikarten
Lecture 2
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- 11. What is a climate proxy?A recorded quantity from which some aspect of the climate at a particular time in history can be inferred.
- 22. Name four proxies or other ways in which we can reconstruct the climate before instrumental measurements.Tree ring width, oxygen isotopes, written records, pollen records in bogs, cave deposits, etc.
- 33. What are the difficulties of using tree rings to reconstruct climate?Tree rings respond to several different environmental factors, which may vary with location, so it can be difficult to infer temperatures from the width of the ring.
- 44. Roughly how far back in time can tree rings be used to reconstruct the climate?4. Some studies have managed to go back to the Ice Age, over 12 thousand years ago by connecting tree ring records of living and dead trees.
- 55. Where can we find a record of oxygen isotope abundance to reconstruct climate, and how far back does it go?5. In ice cores or in lake and marine sediments. They can go back several hundred thousand years.
- 66. Explain what enables oxygen isotopes to be used for climate reconstruction.6. Oxygen in water (H2O) can be either abundant 16O (“normal” oxygen) or less abundant 18O (heavy oxygen). Water containing 18O condenses to form clouds and rain more easily and at lower temperatures this effect is enhanced. So when temperatures are low, the 18O becomes depleted in high latitude ice caps because it is preferentially rained out from the atmosphere as the air is transported there.
- 77. What is the Central England Temperature, how was it obtained, and over what period?7. The CET is a reconstructed climate record for a region of central England based on written records. It goes back to about 900 CE.
- 88. What is a climate anomaly?8. An anomaly is a period of climate that is significantly different from the long-term average.
- 99. What is the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA)?9. The MCA was a transient anomalously warm period of several hundred years from about 1100 to 1300 CE.
- 1010. Did the MCA occur over the whole world?10. No, the MCA was restricted to parts of the northern hemisphere; i.e. it was not hemispherically synchronous.
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- University Climate Karteikarten am Lecture 2, erstellt von angus-m am 19/01/2016.
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