Karteikarten
Observations
Karten in diesem Stapel (22)
- 1what are the two types of observations?participant
non-participant - 2participantobserver is actively involved
- 3non-participantobserver is not actively involved (watched from a distance)
- 4what does it mean by an observers status?overt
covert - 5overtthe participants are aware that they are being observed
- 6method of overt observationchoose when you want a more controlled environment
- 7advantages of overt observations-more ethical (consent)
-more control - 8disadvantages of overt operationsmore likely to show social desirability bias
change in behaviours (observer effects) - 9ethics of overtmore ethical (consent)
- 10covertthe participants are unaware that they are being observed
- 11method of covertchoose in situations where your presence would directly influence the participants behaviour and therefore impact on the validity of the results
- 12advantage of covertless likely to show social desirability bias (less likely to change behaviour)
- 13disadvantages of covertethics
less control
confidentiality
consent
use of findings - 14ethics covertnot ethical, less confidential use of findings
- 15naturalistic observationswhere events occur naturally and the researcher does not manipulate anything
- 16Naturalistic Unstructured observationssurveillance and recording of naturall occuring events
- 17Structured behavioural categoriesDividing target behaviours into subsets of behaviours through use of coding systems
- 18Event Samplingcounting the number of times a behaviour occurs in a target individual or individuals
- 19Time Samplingcounting behaviour in a set times frame, for example recording what behaviour is being exhibited every 30 seconds
- 20inter observer reliabilitywhere observers consistently code behaviours in the same way. Lessens the chance of bias. In the observer, where the observer sees and records behaviour in a subjective way
- 21advantages of observations-doesnt rely on self-report; what people often say is often different to what they do
-high ecological setting due to being in a real life setting
-useful for preliminary research in new area of investigation can provide a hypothesis for an experiment - 22disadvantages of observations-Little control of extraneous variables therefore findings less reliable
-possible validity can be affected by observation bias. researchers might 'see' what they want to see
-ethical and moral issues if participants don't know if they are being observed (covert) eg deception
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- AS - Level Psychology (Research Methods) Karteikarten am Observations, erstellt von sienna.a.wells am 24/01/2016.
- Erstellt von
- sienna.a.wells
- Aufrufe
- 1
- Bewertung
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