Observational Research

Start with the observation mind maps

Begin with the mind map titled “Observations” that sets out natural, controlled, participant, non-participant, covert and overt observations. Use it to compare the terms before moving on to a particular technique. Another mind map, “Observation”, introduces participant and naturalistic observation and includes an example involving Bandura.

The mind map “Participant Observation” outlines the method and raises theoretical, ethical and practical issues. Pair it with the listed non-participant observation mind maps when you want to focus on the observer’s role.

Move from methods to recording

Once you have a grasp of the terms, look at “Recording data in observations”. This mind map introduces behavioral categories and a behavior checklist, with a tally each time a behavior is observed. Use it to think about how an observation can be recorded, not just who takes part.

The listed map on observational techniques also covers structured observation and sampling procedures, including who is observed and when. A second “Observation” mind map brings together topics such as samples, design, reliability and validity. Its headings can help you organize the terms you want to study further.

Check your understanding

After studying a map, try the quiz “Observations”. Its questions ask about variables, ecological validity and experimental effects in observations. Return to the maps to review relevant terms, then use the “Observations” flashcards to practice participant and non-participant observation and observer status.

For another question-led approach, “Research methods 2” includes a question about choosing an unobtrusive technique when reactivity is a concern. Compare what the question asks with the distinctions in the maps.

Place the topic in its unit

Observational Research is one section of Introduction to Research Methods, in the subject Research methods and academic skills. The resources here let you focus on observation methods and recording within that unit. Choose a map to organize your ideas, then use a quiz to check them.