Karteikarten
FORGETTING
Karten in diesem Stapel (20)
- 1Explain tip of the tongue phenomenon?items that are stored in the LTM but cannot be recalled + are not accessible
- 2what did FC Bartlett show?-that human memory is not a factual recording of what has occurred
- said effort after meaning which means we try and ensure what we remember fits with what we already know + understand about the world - 3what is confabulation?when we fill in gaps of our memory in order to make sense of events that are partially remembered
- 4what is interference?things that happen between learning + recall that can cause us to forget
-forgetting is normally caused by other info + more likely to occur if the two sets of info are similar - 5proactive interference?when what we have previously learnt interferes with what we have recently learnt e.g. calling a new partner by your old partners name
- 6retroactive interference?when what we have recently learnt interferes with info we have previously learnt e.g. forgetting how to use an old mobile after you get a new one
- 7baddely & hitches evidence for interference aim?compared interference vs decay explanations in rugby players
- 8baddely & hitches evidence for interference method?-players asked to recall names of teams they played against earlier in the year
-different players had played different number of games - 9baddely & hitches evidence for interference results?-memory for games was more likely to be affected by the number of intervening games (interference) rather than time that had passed between games (decay)
- 10baddely & hitches evidence for interference conclusion?-the results support interference more than decay as an explanation for forgetting
- 11evaluation of interference theory?-high ecological validity
-but is difficult to separate interference from other explanations
-nobody really knows the cognitive processes involved - 12retrieval failure/absence of context and cues?-lack of accessibility rather than availability
-forget LTM because we don't have the relevant cues - 13how context affects forgetting-putting a person in the same place aids recall
-being in a different place may cause us to forget - 14godden & baddeley's evidence for retrieval failure method?-p's were divers who learnt a list of 40 words on a beach/underwater
-were then tested for recall in either the same or different place - 15godden & baddeky's evidence for retrieval failure results?-divers recalled more words when tested in the same environment (10-15% better)
- 16godden & baddeky's evidence for retrieval failure conclusion?-absence of the same context at recall + encoding can cause forgetting
-context (internal mood)- being in the same mood when retrieving as when encoding can aid recall - 17Bower et al's evidence for organisation cues method?-p's presented with a list of minerals
-group A-organised
-B-arranged in list - 18results + conclusion of bower et al's organisation cue investigation?-organised list produced 65% recall
-unorganised= 19% recall
-organised material acts as a recall cue
-more likely to forget unorganised material - 19evaluation of retrieval failure?-context is a strong cue for recall
-the explanation of goddom &baddely results only worked for recall not recognition
-some studies involve artificial stimuli (lack of ecological validity) - 20—
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- AS - Level Psychology Karteikarten am FORGETTING, erstellt von hanna akhrass am 22/03/2016.
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- hanna akhrass
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