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Explanations for forgetting- Retrieval failure
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- 1What are the two explanations for forgetting?1. Retrieval failure
2. Interference - 2Briefly describe this explanation.This is when even though memories are stored in the LTM, they cannot be accessed. Retrieval failure is caused by a LACK OF MEMORY CUES.
- 3What are the two types of cues? Describe them.1. Context dependent cues- are features of the environment beyond the individual which help us to remember info which I lost or unavailable. e.g location/time of day/weather.
2. State dependent cues- features of the person themselves; internal matters like emotions and intoxications which cause to us to remember lost or unavailable info. e.g fear affection, drowsiness. - 4What is the study that supports this explanation? Aims and Methods? (draw the conditions table)Baddeley and Godden 1975
AIM- Investigate the effect of context dependency cues on forgetting through retrieval failure.
METHODS- Scuba divers had to memorise and recall list of words either underwater or on dryland, there were four conditions. - 5Findings and Conclusions?FINDINGS- Conditions 1&4 showed greater recall than 2&3.
C- Context dependent cues can improve memory recall and reduce forgetting through retrieval failure. - 6What did Carter and Cassidy's study find? What year?1998- found that when p's were given anti-histamines (causing drowsiness) before memorisation of words, recall was greater when they were given ah's before recall. They suggested that it acted as a state dependent memory cue.
- 7What is a negative point about this explanation?Baddeley himself argued that context effects are not actually very strong, different contexts have to be very different in order to have an effect. Limitation because it means that as a real life application it does not explain a high percentage of forgetting.
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- AS - Level Psychology (Memory (1)) Karteikarten am Explanations for forgetting- Retrieval failure, erstellt von Ellie Winterburn am 08/05/2016.
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- Ellie Winterburn
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