Karteikarten
AS Psychology - Attachment
Karten in diesem Stapel (5)
- 1Evaluate Lorenz's Research.- There is a problem with generalising from findings on birds to humans
- The mammalian attachment system is quite different from that in birds
- Eg, mammalian mothers = show more emotional attention to young than birds do
- Some of Lorenz' observations were questioned, eg that imprinting has a permanent effect on mating behaviour
- Guiton et al (1966) found that chickens imprinted on washing up gloves but with experience, they learned to prefer mating with other chickens
- This suggests that the impact of imprinting is not that permanent - 2Evaluate Harlow's Research.- Theoretical Value: Harlow's findings = profound effect on psychologists' understanding of human-mother infant attachment
- Harlow showed that attachment doesn't develop due to being fed by a mother figure, but as a result of contact comfort
- Harlow showed the importance of the quality of early relationships for later social development & the ability to hold down adult relationships & successfully rear children
- Practical Value: Insight into attachment has important applications in practical contexts
- Eg, helped social workers understand risk factors in child neglect & abuse & so intervene to prevent it (Howe, 1998)
- Findings important in care of captive monkeys, we now understand the importance of proper attachment figures for baby monkeys in zoos & in breeding programmes in the wild - 3Evaluate the Ethical Issues with Harlow's Research.- Unethical as monkeys suffered greatly as a result of Harlow's procedure
- This species is considered similar to humans to be able to generalise the findings, which also means that their suffering was presumably quite human-like
- Harlow was aware of the suffering he caused
- The counter-argument is that Harlow's research was sufficiently important to justify the effects - 4How Do Samples Tend to be Unrepresentative of Culture (Evaluation)- Meta-analysis by van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg claimed to study cultural variations, where as, the comparisons were between countries not cultures
- One sample may over-represent people living in poverty, the stress which might affect caregiving & hence patterns of att.
- Analysis by van IJzendoorn & Sagi (2001) found that distribution of att. type in Tokyo (urban setting) were similar to Western studies, whereas a more rural sample has an over-representation of insecure-resistant individuals
- This means that comparisons between countries (eg. Italy or Korea) may have little meaning, the particular cultural characteristics of the sample need to be specified - 5Discuss the Fact that the Method of Assessment is Biased in Cultural Variations (Evaluation).- SS was designed by an American based on a British theory
- Question over whether Anglo-American theories & assessments can be applied to other cultures (imposed etic)
- Eg. of Imposed Etic may be the idea that lack of selaration anxiety & pleasure on reunion indicate an insecure att. in the SS
- In Germany, this behaviour might be seen as independence than avoidance & hence not a sign of insecurity within that cultural context (Grossmann & Grossmann, 1990)
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- Karteikarten am AS Psychology - Attachment, erstellt von Habiba Akthar am 08/03/2017.
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- Erstellt von irenamileva · 13 Apr 2016
- Kopiert von Habiba Akthar · 8 Mär 2017
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