Karteikarten
Sociology- Family and Households Flashcards
Karten in diesem Stapel (54)
- 1Parsons 1955Instrumental and expressive roles
- 2March of Progress: Bott 1957Segregated and joint conjugal roles
- 3MOP: Young and Willmott 1962w/c families = segregated conjugal roles. Men = breadwinners, women = housewives
- 4Young and Willmott 1973Symmetrical family - and the New Man
- 5Reasons for the rise in the symmetrical family:Higher living standards, labour-saving devices,better housing, smaller families, and women working.
- 6Ann Oakley 1974The housewife role - result of industrialisation and is socially constructed
- 7Oakley vs Young and WillmottThey exaggerate the men's role. The husbands 'helped' but there wasn't an equal split
- 8Boulton 1983Who are responsible for tasks not who performs them. Less than 1 in 5 husbands the main childcarer.
- 9Gershuny 1994Lagged adaptation - men with wives working full-time did 27% of housework. Result of change in values & role-models, adapting to women working.
- 10Schor 1993Commercialisation of housework led to the 'death of the housewife role'
- 11Dual BurdenPaid work + domestic labour = women's role
- 12Ferri and Smith 1996Under 4% of fathers were main childcarer, so women working had little impact
- 13Morris 1990Men suffer a crisis of masculinity if not breadwinner, so resist feminine role. Wives do housework even if they work and husband doesn't.
- 14Duncombe and Marsden 1995Triple Shift - emotion work + paid work + domestic labour = women's role
- 15Heterosexual relationships = patriarchal and unequalRadical feminist belief.
- 16Dunne 199937 lesbian couples with kids, found more equal DOL
- 17Dunne - Gender ScriptsHeterosexuals socialised into gender scripts setting out masculine and feminine roles and gender identities. Lesbian DOL open to negotiation.
- 18Kempson 1994Women in low-income families denied their needs to make ends meet
- 19Pahl and Vogler 1993Allowance system = men work, give wives an allowance to budget to meet family's needs
Pooling = partners work, joint responsibility for spending - 20Edgell 1980 - Decision MakingVery important (finances, housing) = man
Important = both
Unimportant (food) = woman - 21Explanations for decision making inequality...Economic - men have power as they earn more, women economically dependent
Patriarchal socialisation - gender role socialisation in patriarchal society makes men the decision makers - 22Domestic violence - BCS6.6 million assaults each year
1 in 4 women assaulted by a partner at least once - 23Under-reportingBCS - under 1/3 reported
Yearnshire 1997 - women suffer 35 assaults before reporting - 24Under-recordingPolice reluctant to get involved in 'private sphere' of family. People free to leave if unhappy.
- 25Radical Feminist view on DVMen oppress women - through family, threat of DV allows men to control women
Male dominated state - police and courts fail to take DV seriously - 26Dobash and DobashDV triggered when husbands authority challenged. Marriage legitimates violence by giving men power.
- 27Other groups at risk of DV:Children, young people, the poor, lower-classes, alcohol and drug users, tenants.
- 28Wilkinson 1996Patterns result of stress on family caused by social inequality. Lacking resources = stress = increased risk of violence
- 29Childhood = social constructionIt varies between societies, within societies and historically.
- 30Benedict 1934Non-industrial society kids - more responsibility at home and work, especially economically.
- 31Malinowski 1957South-west pacific. Sexual behaviour in kids tolerated and evokes amused inerest
- 32Firth 1970Tikopia - being obedient is a concession granted by kids.
- 33Punch 2001Rural Bolivia - working at 5 yrs old. Less value in being obedient to adults. Sexual behaviour in kids more tolerated.
- 34Western childhood...Special, innocent time of life. Kids seen as fundamentally different to adults. Lengthy period of nurturing and socialisation.
- 35Jane PilcherChildhood = special time and golden age.
- 36Cunningham 2007Kids seen as opposite to adults. Have the right to happiness.
- 37Aries 1960Childhood is a recent intention. Didn't exist in Middle ages. Artwork shows kids were like mini-adults- wore same clothes. Had same laws and punishments.
- 38Shorter 1975Attitudes to kids were different to now due to high death rates. High DR encouraged less emotion, kids treated with indifference and neglect, newborns weren't named.
- 39Signs of 'childhood' emerging...Schools specialising in the education of the young. Church saw kids as 'fragile creatures of God' needing discipline and protection. Distinction between clothing etc.
- 40Aries (on modern childhood)Cult of childhood. 20th century was the 'century of the child'
- 41Why the changes came about...Lower IMR, smaller families (greater financial and emotional investment). Knowledge e.g supervision and protection needed. Laws banning child labour (economic assets to economic liabilities). Compulsory schooling. Child protection and welfare laws. Children's rights (Children Act 1989). Laws on social behaviour (minimum ages on smoking etc). Industrialisation (skilled workers needed)
- 42March of Progress: Children's position improvedAries, Shorter etc say position of kids steadily improving. Family and society are child-centered. Better cared for and IMR decreased to 5. Protected from harm and exploitation.
- 43Conflict view on childhood...Inequalities among kids: 3rd world kids have fewer chances. There are gender, ethnic and class inequalities too.
Inequalities between kids and adults: oppression, control, age patriarchy. - 44Firestone 1979Child liberationist. Extensive care and protection are oppressive. Separate laws aren't to benefit kids, they allow adults to control them.
- 45Age patriarchyAdult (usually male) dominated society and family. Oppress and control kids.
- 46Gittins 1998Kids kept subordinate. Adults exercise control over kid's time, space and bodies. Leads to physical, sexual or emotional abuse - over 30000 kids on child protection register.
- 47Acting-upKids resist the restricted status of 'child' by acting older by smoking etc.
- 48Hockey and James 1993Acting-up shows modern childhood is a status kids want to escape.
- 49Postman 1994Childhood is now disappearing. Kids becoming more like adults by gaining similar rights and acting similar.
- 50Postman 1994 - causes of childhood's disappearanceTV culture replacing print culture: In print culture, kids lacked literacy skills to access information so adults kept knowledge about sex, money, violence, illness, death etc secret.
In TV culture info is available to all. The boundary between adulthood and childhood is broken down and adult authority is weakened. - 51Opie 1993Childhood not disappearing. Separate culture exists through games, songs etc.
- 52Palmer 2006Toxic childhood: technological and cultural changes are damaging kid's development e.g junk food, computer games, marketing, tests in education, parents working long hours. Kids deprived of genuine childhood.
- 53Toxic ChildhoodUK youth at the top of international league tables for obesity, self-harm, drug and alcohol abuse and teenage pregnancies.
UNICEF 2007 - UK 21st out of 25 for children's well being - 54Lee 2001Childhood not disappeared. It's become complex and contradictory e.g kids consumers but dependent on parents for purchasing power.
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- A-level Sociology and Psychology Karteikarten am Sociology- Family and Households Flashcards, erstellt von Heloise Tudor am 14/05/2014.
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- Heloise Tudor · Mai 2014
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- 18 Jan 2017
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