Karteikarten
Explanations for Forgetting
Karten in diesem Stapel (8)
- 1Interference Theory ~Proactive Interference~When old memories interfere with new ones.
Made worse when information is similar. - 2Interference Theory ~Retroactive Interference~When new memories interfere with old ones.
Made worse when information is similar. - 3Interference Theory ~Positive evaluation~-McGeoch and McDonald (1931) found that when asked to recall lists of words, participants were worse at recalling similar lists of words. This shows interference is strongest when memories are similar.
-Danaher et al (2008) found that it was harder to recall and recognise advertisers' messages when the products were similar.
-Application to real life as students should avoid revising similar subjects close together, as memories may interfere with each other. - 4Interference Theory ~Negative evaluation~-Research lacks ecological validity as they are lab based, meaning they do not reflect real-life situations.
-Interference theory is contradicted by retrieval failure theory because it states that absence of cues causes forgetting, not interference.
-The theory does not take into account that information that has less meaning to us is more likely to be forgotten. - 5Retrieval Failure TheoryTulving's Encoding Specificity Principle says that we have information in our memories, we just require cues in order to access it.
- 6Retrieval Failure Theory ~Context Dependant Recall~Being in the same recall environment as the learning environment of the information.
- 7Retrieval Failure Theory ~State Dependant Recall~Having the same emotions when information is recalled to when information was learnt.
- 8Retrieval Failure Theory ~Positive evaluation~-Real-life application to exams, as revising in the same room you will sit the exam in will provide cues.
-Jerabak and Standing (1992) found that students performed better in exams if they imagined being in the classroom they learnt the information in.
-Theory supports the 'tip of the tongue' phenomena, where we aren't able to recall something even though we know it.
-Godden and Baddeley (1975) found that divers who learned words either on the beach or underwater had 50% better recall if they recalled words in the same environment they learnt them in.
-Duka et al (2001) found that when participants were given alcohol or a placebo on recall of words, they recalled better if they had the same condition on recall.
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- AS level Psychology (Memory) Karteikarten am Explanations for Forgetting, erstellt von Amy Woodward am 12/05/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Amy Woodward
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