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HENRY VII

Amelia Groves History A level Englisch 151 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (151)

  1. 1Who was Henry's mother?Lady Margaret Beauford
  2. 2Where was he brought up?Pembroke castle
  3. 3Where was Henry in exile before his reign?Brittany
  4. 4When did Henry become King?Battle of Bosworth 22nd August 1485
  5. 5What were his main aims as King?1) remain king
    2) create policies to secure and strengthen his dynasty
  6. 6who was he declared King by?Lord Stanley
  7. 7What did he do to make his reign more impressive?declared that it started on the 21st August so he could try anyone who fought for Richard as a traitor
  8. 8what did Henry not do when he became king?march straight into London
  9. 9When did the first parliament meet?7th november (to know that Henry was the king not by the will of parliament)
  10. 10what did the business of the first parliament include?1) declaration of the King's title 2) acts of attainder 3) financial matters 4) legislation ensuring public peace
  11. 11When did Henry marry and why was it significant?Elizabeth of York, 18th January united houses of York and Lancaster
  12. 12What were the trouble in the midlands and north 1485-6?Lovel and Stafford brothers broke sanctuary in Colchester, dispersed rebels, arrested and sent to tower (except Lovell)
  13. 13What happened in Yorkshire 1489?Caused by H's demands for money, they resented counties exempt from tax, 2 rebellions but both squashed
  14. 14What happened in Cornwall 1497?provoked by financial concerns (a heavy tax), showed Henry still not strong
  15. 15Why was there trouble in Wales?Vaughans and Herberts attempted to lead a Yorkshire rebellion, planned to kill Henry, put down by Rhys Ap Thomas
  16. 16Who did Lambert Simnel claim to be?Richard of York (younger prince in the tower)
  17. 17Who was Simnel's accomplice?priest Richard Symonds
  18. 18Where did Simnel gain a lot of support?Ireland and Margaret of Burgundy
  19. 19What happened in the 1487 Battle of StokeLancashire, Simnel received less support than he expected, 12,000 vs 8,000
  20. 20What is the battle of stoke considered?the last engagement of the war of the roses
  21. 21what happened to Symonds and Simnel?Symonds = imprisoned for life, and Simnel made a turnspit then falconer
  22. 22Who did Perkin Warbeck claim to be?Richard, Duke of York
  23. 23Who did Warbeck gain recognition from?Ireland, Charles VIII, Margaret of Burgundy, Maximillian, James IV
  24. 24What did Warbeck do in july 1945?attempt an invasion of England but it was a massive fail as he didnt even get off the boat
  25. 25What did Warbeck do in 1496?attempted a second invasion but didnt receive any support south of the border and retreated
  26. 26What happened to Warbeck?he fled to sanctuary in an abbey in Hampshire and made full confession. henry treated him kindly but then conspired again so then hanged and beheaded
  27. 27Who was the chief Yorkist claimant to the throne in 1499?Edmund de la Pole (the earl of suffolk)
  28. 28What happened with Edmund de la Pole?he fled to France, relations were imprisoned and attained and then Philip of Burgundy was forced to give him over, promised not to execute him
  29. 29What were henry's personal strengths when it came to ruling over his kingdom?spoke several languages and had close group of loyal friends
  30. 30What were henry's personal weaknesses when it came to ruling over his kingdom?no formal experience, never attended English court, not developed effective relationship with nation and knew little of the country
  31. 31how much nobility was there during his reign?50-60 men
  32. 32how much land did the gentry own in england?15-20%
  33. 33what did the gentry consist of?knights, esquires and gentlemen
  34. 34what did the churchmen consist of?curates, chantry priests, bishops, abbots
  35. 35what did the commoners consist of?shop keepers, skilled tradesmen, yeomen, husbandmen and labourers
  36. 36what did henry do to bring the number of the nobility under control?refrained from creating lords (only 3)
  37. 37how many marquess, viscounts and barons did henry make during his reign?1 marquess (quickly taken away) 1 viscount and 8 barons
  38. 38what is the example of how henry controlled the marriage of nobility?Katherine Woodville married 3rd husband without royal permission and fined £2000
  39. 39what were the four men that benefitted from henry's use of patronage?Edmund Dudley, Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Oxford and George Talbot
  40. 40what was an act of attainder?the loss of rights when a man was convicted by parliament of treason or any other serious crime
  41. 41how did henry use acts of attainder?in a cat and mouse way
  42. 42what is an example of how henry punished using acts of attainder?sir william stanley, £9000 fine but then executed
  43. 43what were financial threats?written agreements where someone is forced to pay a lump sum of money as security for future good behaviour
  44. 44what is an example of how henry used financial threats?the bishop of worcester had to promise to pay £2000 if his loyalty was ever in question and promise not to leave the country
  45. 45what was the problem of retaining?henry needed the private armies to quell rebellions
  46. 46what is a famous example of retaining?the earl of oxford- the king complimented him for putting on an impressive show of his troops and then fined him £10,000
  47. 47what were the main functions of the king's council?to advise the king over matters of state, to administer law and order and to act in the prosecution of nobles
  48. 48how many were in active membership of the king's council?40
  49. 49what were two prominent councillors?Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley
  50. 50what was the function of the court of requests?to deal with those that could not afford the high cost of the normal court system
  51. 51what was the function of the court of general surveyors?checking the revenues from the crown estates
  52. 52what was the function of the court of the star chamber?to deal with issue of retaining
  53. 53what was the purpose of the king's court?to give elaborate ceremonies and public spectacles
  54. 54what was henry's most infamous committee?the council learned in law
    (responsible for keeping up to date with wardship, marriage and payments, and collection of feudal dues)
  55. 55why was the council learned in law criticised?because it worked without a jury
  56. 56why did parliament ever meet?to grant taxes and pass laws
  57. 57how many times did parliament meet during henry's reign?7
  58. 58what were the main 4 factors of central government?1) king's council
    2) king's court
    3) council learned in law
    4) parliament
  59. 59what were the 3 main institutions for regional government?1) council of the north
    2) wales
    3) ireland
  60. 60what was the responsibility of the council of the north and where was it based?the guard against an attack from scotland and yorkshire
  61. 61what did wales consist of?the principality and the marcher lordships (they had the right to raise their own troops)
  62. 62who did henry appoint to govern wales?Jasper Tudor and Rhys ap Thomas
  63. 63who was made lord lieutenant and deputy of Ireland?Prince henry and sir edward poynings
  64. 64what was the rebellious area of ireland?ulster
  65. 65what did Poyning revert to in Ireland?the traditional policy of ruling through Irish Chieftains
  66. 66how was local government organised under henry?the sheriffs and JPs
  67. 67how were sheriffs appointed?annually from among local landowners
  68. 68what were sheriffs responsible for?arrest, detention and prosecution of criminals (also or organising the local militia)
  69. 69how were jps appointed?annually from among the local landowners with each county having 18
  70. 70what were jps responsible for?defence of public order and dispensing justice to the criminals
  71. 71how were jps power limited?they had to rely on local officials and their decision could be overridden by the assize courts or the king
  72. 72what did henry rely on to organise his finances and then return back to?exchequer and then the chamber system
  73. 73why was the exchequer not seen as effective?it was slow as employed its own officials
  74. 74what was the chamber system?part of royal household and under direct supervision of the king
  75. 75what was the revenue from the crown lands in 1486 and 1508?£11,700 and £42,000
  76. 76who filled the most important role of treasurer of the chamber?thomas lovell and sir john heron
  77. 77what were the 4 incomes of ordinary revenue?custom duties, crown lands, feudal dues and profits of justice
  78. 78what were the 7 incomes of ordinary revenue?parliamentary subsidies, loans, benevolences, feudal obligations, clerical taxes and the french pension
  79. 79what type of country was england?agricultural
  80. 80what was industry dominated by?wool and cloth
  81. 81why was the wool industry considered domestic?the cleaning and dyeing of the wool could be completed outside
  82. 82what were 5 other industries common in england?mining, metal working, leatherwork, shipbuilding and papermaking
  83. 83what were main imports from other countries?wine and wood from france, iron from spain and cod from scandanavia
  84. 84how much of trade was internal?90-95%
  85. 85how many inhabitants did London have?50,000
  86. 86what were the merchants known as that formed trading companies?the Merchant Adventurers- came to dominate the local economy and controlled trade
  87. 87how many statues did parliament pass concerned with economic matters?50
  88. 88what was the most important influence on economic activity?harvest
  89. 89what was enclosure?the fencing off of land and the abolition of all common rights over it
  90. 90why was enclosure bad?it could lead to the eviction of families, depopulation and vagabondage
  91. 91why was english wool popular?it was of the highest quality and in great demand in european markets
  92. 92what were the three main areas where woollen cloth was manufactured?the west riding of yorkshire, east anglia and the west country
  93. 93what was another fabric industry?linen- making use of local flax in lancashire
  94. 94how did henry change the coinage?introduced new denominations in gold and silver and new designs
  95. 95how did henry try to change trade in foreign ships?navigations acts of 1485-86 which forbade goods to be loaded onto foreign ships if english ones were available
  96. 96how did henry develop shipping?encouraged merchants to build ships of at least 80 tonnes so they would be effective fighting ships
  97. 97what was the centre of english wool trade?antwerp
  98. 98what trade embargos were there during his reign?against Margaret of Burgundy and the netherlands
  99. 99what was the 1506 malus intercursus?new trading agreement with burgundy heavily in england's favour
  100. 100what was the consequence of the malus intercurus?philip died soon after the treaty was agreed so was never put into practice- reverted to magnus intercursus
  101. 101where was henry especially keen to develop trade with?italy (florence)
    attempt to counter influence of the venetians
  102. 102how successful was henry's strategy with the venetians?success! they were distracted by the italian wars and had no time to waste on a petty commercial squabble- english able to take advantage of situation and increase their trade in the mediterranean
  103. 103what area of trade was henry less successful with?commercial activities in the baltic
  104. 104what did the 1489 treaty with denmark state?gave england the right to fish in icelandic waters
  105. 105was henry's trade policy successful?did not greatly improve his financial position and english trade was still on a small scale
  106. 106who was the first explorer under henry and what did they find?John Cabot- somewhere in Newfoundland (died on the way home)
  107. 107who was the second explorer under henry and what did they find?Sebastian Cabot
    Hudson Bay
  108. 108what were henry's 4 foreign policy aims?to secure his throne, achieve international recognition of his kingship, promote prosperity in england and maintain prestige whilst keeping costs down
  109. 109what was henry's relationship with brittany at the start of his reign?he owed Francis a lot for his exile
  110. 110what was henry's relationship with scotland at the start of his reign?feared scots would invade
  111. 111what was henry's relationship with ireland at the start of his reign?henry only controlled the area around dublin
  112. 112what was henry's relationship with France at the start of his reign?Charles had also provided Henry shelter during his exile which would cause problems with Brittany
  113. 113what was henry's relationship with HRE at the start of his reign?max alarmed at henry becoming king because he had been supported by france
  114. 114what was henry's relationship with the pope at the start of his reign?gave him support right from the start
  115. 115what was henry's relationship with burgandy at the start of his reign?Margaret was a big enemy
  116. 116what was the problem of brittany?battle between france and brittany- moral obligation but france had given him financial support, had to compromise and be an intermediacy
  117. 117what figure in england caused henry trouble with his foreign policy?lambert simnel
  118. 118what was the 1492 treaty of etaples?treaty with france where charles promised to pay income
  119. 119what area of france did henry capture?boulogne
  120. 120what was the 1489 treaty of medina del campo?agreement of marriage between arthur and catherine
  121. 121what was the problem with james iv?he gave support to warbeck- scottish relations had always been tense
  122. 122what was the 1497 truce of ayton?marriage of james to margaret (henry's eldest daughter) but depended on the continuation of good relations with france (as scotland had ancient pact with france)
  123. 123what was the significant event in 1501 that effected foreign policy?the marriage of prince arthur to catherine
  124. 124what happened in 1502 that rocked foreign policy?the death of prince arthur- parents insisted she marry henry
  125. 125what happened in feb 1503 that majorly affected henry?the death of his wife liz
  126. 126who did henry consider as a wife after liz's death?joanna of naples, margaret of savoy or joanna of castile and burgundy
  127. 127what were the relations with burgundy in 1505?philip forced to take refuge in england, handed over suffolk
  128. 128why did relations with spain deteriorate?ferdinand became in control of burgundy and refused marriage proposal of henry and joanna of castile, also refused to send the rest of catherine's dowry
  129. 129what was the 1508 league of cambrai?anti venetian alliance- left henry isolated but didnt threaten any vital interests
  130. 130what was the modus vivendi?a working understanding with the church between the king and the pope
  131. 131how much clergy did the church consist of?10,000 regular and 35,000 secular
  132. 132what were some problems with the church?priests poorly educated and illiterate, pluralism, neglect and criminal activity by clergymen
  133. 133what was the church in village life?the focal point and the priest most respected member of the community, all followed church calendar
  134. 134what was henry's relationship with the church?did not try to reform or question, total orthodoxy
  135. 135who were some bishops during henry's reign?John Morton- Canterbury, Richard Fox- Winchester, William Warham- London
  136. 136how did people believe they were saved from sin?earning indulgences where they would go to purgatory and confess their sins, pilgrimage to a shrine of a saint
  137. 137what the central religious experience of the church?holy communion
  138. 138what was transubstantiation?where catholics would take bread and wine (the blood and body of christ)
  139. 139when the dying would leave money to the church what would this effect?funded church building projects
  140. 140what was an important element of religious life?confraternity- religious guild or lay brotherhood
  141. 141what did the confraternity do?provide funeral costs, pay chaplains for masses and make charitable donations
  142. 142what were 3 religious orders that also existed?monastic order (benedictines, cistercians and carthusians), friars and nunneries
  143. 143who were the lollards?secret underground group that believed christianity should be based on the bible and everyone should own their own. priest not needed and dont believe in transubstantiation
  144. 144what was humanism?based on the rediscovery of latin and greek texts, forward thinking, in search for knowledge,
  145. 145who was considered the most famous humanist scholar?erasmus
  146. 146what was the most significant development of the period?arrival of printing press (Chaucer's canterbury tales)
    made use by spreading propaganda denouncing the rule of Richard III
  147. 147how many new grammar schools were founded between 1460 and 1509?53
  148. 148what was the most popular art form of the period?drama
  149. 149what is the most important surviving source of music in this period?the eton choirbook, compiled around 1505
  150. 150who were two really important composers?Thomas Browne and Robert Faryfax
  151. 151what were some instruments from this period?trumpets, shawms, recorders and lutes

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A level History (Tudors) Karteikarten am HENRY VII, erstellt von Amelia Groves am 28/05/2017.
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Amelia Groves
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