Karteikarten
SUPPORTING STUDIES- LEARNING THEORIES
Karten in diesem Stapel (18)
- 1OPERANT CONDITIONINGOPERANT CONDITIONING
- 2THORNDIKE- 1911>research on kittens in Puzzle Box
>had to press lever to escape and get food
>initially pressed the lever randomly but got faster over a few trials
>LAW OF EFFECT- response followed by positive consequence is repeated
>LAW OF EXERCISE- more a response is performed, more it is repeated - 3SKINNER- 1930s>pressed lever to get food
>if reward is pleasurable they are more likely to repeat- POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
>if shocked until they press lever, more likely to repeat- NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT - 4PAUL AND LENTZ- 1977>investigated operant conditioning with 84 schizophrenic patients
>rewarded appropriate behaviour with tokens that could be exchanged for luxuries
>reduced behaviour such as rocking and blank staring
>only 11% required drugs, compared to 100% in the control group - 5SOCIAL LEARNING THEORYSOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
- 6MINEKA AND COOK- 1988>observed rhesus monkeys raised in captivity- showed no fear of snakes
>showed alarm after observing anxious reactions of wild monkeys to snakes - 7LEARNING PHOBIASLEARNING PHOBIAS
- 8KLEINKNECHT- 1982>studied members of american tarantula society- of those who reported a fear of tarantulas, none had a direct traumatic experience to cause the fear
>CONFLICTS - 9HEKMAT- 1987>investigated students with various phobias of animals
>only 23% had a direct conditioning experience that caused phobia
CONFLICTS - 10DiNARDO- 1988>studied 16 dog phobics
>56% reported conditioning experiences - 11DOLLINGER, O'DONNELL AND STALEY- 1984>compared child survivors of severe lightning strike to a control group
>the survivors showed more fear towards lighting, thunder and tornadoes - 12MINEKA AND ZINBARG- 2006>case study of a by who developed a severe phobia of vomiting after witnessing his grandfather vomit while dying
- 13TREATMENTS FOR PHOBIASTREATMENTS FOR PHOBIAS
- 14McGRATH\.found that 75% of patients respond to therapy for phobias
SUPPORTS - 15WOLPE- 1973>took a girl with a phobia of cars for a drive
>hysterical at first but eventually calmed
SUPPORTS - 16BARRETT- 1966>used implosion for fear of snakes in college students
>one associated closing eyes with seeing snakes and saw snakes whenever eyes were closed
>developed insomnia as a result
>CONFLICTS - 17DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGYDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
- 18FAGOT- 1978>observational study of toddlers playing at home with parents and noted praise/ punishments given
>noted that boys were reinforced for playing with gender appropriate toys and punished for playing with dolls
>concluded gender role behaviour is learned in child's environment
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- AS - Level AS Psychology Karteikarten am SUPPORTING STUDIES- LEARNING THEORIES, erstellt von vittoria howard am 02/06/2017.
- Erstellt von
- vittoria howard
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