Principles of Learning

Medical Model

illness & progress of disease. Psychology follows a medical model

appropriate for conditions with biological root

though most behaviour is based on learning, and not medical in nature

better tactic to deal with behaviour problems is a mix of both learning & medical model

Conditioning

3 Main types

Pavlovian / Classical

Operant / Insturmental

Observational

conditioning of a neutral stimulas in order to evoke a reflective response

Reflexive Response

Reflex's contain a Stimulus & Response

Reflexive Response don't need prior learning

Unconditioned biological reflex -> no conditioning required

conditioned response is same as an unconditioned response

the conditioned response is less intense and slower than that of the unconditioned stimulus

the amount of times a CS is paired with an UCS increases or decreases Classical conditioning. And ability to elicit a response

Stimuli that are more noticeable & highly correlated with UC are likely to have the strongest stimulus response, and become a conditioned response.

CS must occur before UCS in order for conditioning to occur

Most UCR have an emotional component that are associated with it

emotional responses which are associate with a CR are not typically as intense as UCR

Extinction

if a conditioned stimulus no longer predicts a previous UCS, will then slowly lose ability to bring out CR

if at a later time you re-present the CS without the UCS, the CR may temporarily reapear

Avoidance -> if a stimulus becomes conditioned and it is then avoided , Extinction is unable to take place

Higher - Order Conditioning

conditioning that proceeds off of another CS in the absence of an UCS

a CS that can influence other stimuli and turn them into CS without the og UCS

HOC not as strong as first order conditioning

HOC stimuli are being conditioned by a stimulus that is actively fading

Counter - Conditioning

you can reverse conditioning by pairing the CS with a new UCS

the absence of original UCS allows extinction of original conditioning and a new UCS to take priority

used to change unwanted or problomatic emotional responses

Systematic Desensitization : thinking & imagining an object, thing, or event.

Contact Desensitization : slowly working up to being in the situation.

Covert Desensitization : associating an unwanted behaviour with a negative stimulus

Aversive Counter-Conditioning : a punishment for an undesirable behaviour -> gradually loose appeal or becomes neutral