Communication

Communication

1. The Lasswell formula (The transmission model of communication)

   • Communicator
   • Message
   • Channel
   • Reciever
   • Effect
   • Encoding
     • Shaped by:
       • Environment, background and experiences
       • Values, attitudes, personality
       • Relationship between sender & receiver
       • Non-verbal communication
       • Perceptual limitations
   • Decoding
   • Distortions in communication
     • Selective attention
     • Selective retention
   • Feedback
   • The two theories
     • Functional theory
       • Distortions can be eliminated and identified
         • 1. The function of the message
           • Can be one of three things -  1- Organising  2- Relationships 3- Change We must remember to design the message to fit the above function
           • Ineffective communication
             • Incorrect use, pairing or lining up of these can lead to ineffective communication. So can having a message distorted.
         • 2. What network to use
           • Can be:       Informal      Formal      Technological    Networks can be 'leaky' and it is important to remember that just because communication starts in one channel, that does not mean it will not move into another channel. 
         • 3. What channel to use
           • Richness    Vs Spontaneity    Vs Time Commitment Differant channels should be used in differant situations  
         • 4. What direction to send the message
           • Horizontal Vs Upward Vs Downward Vs External  
         • 5. How much and how often to send the message
       • Advantages
       • Disadvantages
     • Meaning centred theory
       • The idea is that people make their own assumptions/develop their own ideas about 
       • Main assumptions
         • Communication is not simply about transmitting messages on a one off basis
         • All interaction is communicative whether intentional or not
         • Due to constant communication within a group, shared understandings/meanings develop
           • These shared meanings shape our understanding of what we believe the organisation is/what it represents
         • people act on the basis of the meanings they make out of a situation (how they interpret it) and whether they share those meanings (their self concept)
       • Interactions that communicate a message
         • What decisions we make
         • How we use power
         • How we socialise
         • What we say
           • Machine metaphor
           • Developmental metaphor
           • Transitional metaphor
           • Transformational metaphor