Approaches & Methodologies

Approaches & Methodologies

1. Method: strategies and techniques associated with one translation of an approach into professional practice

   • ICB Method (Integrated Content-Based Method)
     • Combines content and language based instruction in context through thematic units
     • Apply: Students work with a theme in various contexts such as science, art, reading, and writing. The students work on the same topic, but in different learning ares to mastery.
   • SIOP Method (Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol)
     • Combines philosophies, strategies, and techniques, that appropriately recognize the many challenges that CLD students confront.
     • Apply: Teacher directs students to make predictions about the topic being taught using outside media, such as television shows, related to the topic for prior knowledge. The students then discuss the topic after reviewing prior knowledge.
   • CALLA Method (Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach)
     • Five step instructional model designed to meet the academic needs of Ell or CLD students through content and language
     • Teaching of academic language by modeling language that is appropriate for the content area being taught

2. Approach: philosophical orientation to instruction that serves as a guide for choosing among methods that are consistent with the tenets of the theory and research that ground the philosophy.

   • Cognitive Approach
     • Examines and analyzes the cognitive psychological side oflearning, language learning, and instruction to promote learning
     • Apply: Use of graphic organizers to show understanding of the topic presented which uses metacognition
   • Communicative Approach
     • Focuses on learning through and for communication and assumes an infinite number of possible language combinations
     • Apply: Teacher gives CLD students a copy of the text in native language to read. Then, the teacher gives the students the same passage in English with visual aids and cues to aid in the reading of the text.
   • Grammatical Approach
     • Teacher-centered means of second language instruction which assumes the learner acquires the language most efficiently by memorizing language and sentence patterns in a methodical, sequenced curriculum
     • Apply: Drill and practice of high-frequency words through rote memorization

3. Approaches and methods are all interrelated in that they fall under the umbrella with approaches being the broadest and largest category followed by methods, strategies, and techniques.

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