CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 2

1. CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS

   • can be classified on the basis (3)
     • cellular metabolism
       • microbe obtains the energy and nutrient
         • Fixes carbon
           • No
             • Energy from light
               • No
                 • Other heterotroph
             • Energy from inorganic oxidation
               • Yes
                 • Chemoheterotroph
               • Heterotrophic bacteria depend on preformed food for nutrition
           • Yes
             • Energy from light
               • Photoautotroph
                 • Make their own energy
             • Energy from inorganic oxidation
               • Yes
                 • Chemoautotroph
                   • Get their energy from oxidizing inorganic compounds
               • No
                 • Other autotroph
               • Autotroph bacteria are capable synthesizing their food from simple inorganic nutrients
     • cell structure
       • A. Phenotypic classification systems
         • Gram stain and bacterial morphology
           • Gram positive
             • Thick peptidoglycan
           • Gram negative
             • Thin peptidoglycan
             • has outer membrane (lipopolysaccharide and protein)
             • Endotoxin (LPS)
         • Growth requirements
           • Aerobes
             • Micrococcus
           • Facultative or aerotolerant anaerobes
             • Catalase positive : Staphylococcus
             • Catalase negative : Streptococcus & Enterococcus
         • Biochemical reactions
           • CATALASE
             • Negative
               • Streptococci
             • Positive
               • Staphylococci
                 • 1. Coagulase2. Mannitol. 3. Glucose OF
                   • 1. Positive 2.Positive 3.F
                     • S. aureus
                   • 1. Negative 2. Positive 3. O
                     • Microccus spp
                   • 1. Negative 2. Negative 3. F
                     • S. epidermidis
         • Serologic systems
       • B. Genotypic systems
         • Phylogenetic tree
         • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence analysis
         • Molecular subtyping
     • differences in cell components
       • DNA (double stranded), fatty acids, pigments, antigens and * quinones *are a ubiquitous class of compounds found in several natural products including plants, fungi, and bacteria)

2. Medical Important Microorganisms