APUSH Period 1 (1491-1607)

APUSH Period 1 (1491-1607)

1. Central and South American Cultures

   • Aztec
     • Located in Mexico
     • Corn
     • Cortés conquers
   • Inca
     • Located in Peru
     • Potatoes
     • Pizarro conquers
   • Maya
     • Located in Yucátan peninsula
     • Declined before Aztecs (1st culture)
     • Corn
   • Gender Roles
     • Men hunt and make tools
     • Women gather plants & nuts, and grow crops

2. Native Languages

   • 20 language families w/400 distinct languages

3. Southwest Settlements

   • Four corners of U.S.
   • Pueblos and Anasazi
     • Cliff dwellings

4. Northeast Settlements

   • Ohio Valley to NY
     • Iroquois Confederation
       • Mohawk Valley
         • Rival natives & Europeans

5. Tech

   • China- Gunpowder
   • Arabs- compass

6. Spanish Monarchy

   • 1469- Ferdinand and Isabella
     • Conquer Moorish (Islamic) invaders' communities
     • Eventually fund Columbus' voyages
       • 1492- Lands in Bahamas
         • doesn't find gold, spices or new route
         • Columbian Exchange
           • Exchange of resources, foods, ideas and diseases (smallpox)
     • Exploration through conquistadorés

7. New Routes

   • 1453- Main trade area Constantinople captured by Ottoman turks
     • Portugal's Prince Henry opens new route
       • 1498- Vasca de Gama reaches India

8. Slavery

   • 1400's- Portuguese import slaves from West Africa
     • Some run away/revolt

9. Treaty of Tordesillas

   • 1493/1494- Spanish pope divides land of Portugal b/t Spain and Portugal

10. Early 1600's settlements- North America

    • English send John Cabot- explores New Foundland in 1497
      • Sir Francis Drake (pirate) attacks Spanish ships for silver/gold
      • 1587- Walter Raleigh attempts failed Roanoke colony
    • French
      • Verrazano sent to New York Harbor by french monarchy
      • Jaques Cartier explores St. Lawrence River
      • 1608- Champlain founds Quebec
      • 1682- de La Salle explores along Mississippi river, names land Louisiana for French king
    • Dutch
      • New Amsterdam/New York
      • Dutch west India Co. controls land (corporation control)
    • Spanish
      • Florida- St. Augustine (1565)
      • New Mexico- Santa Fe (1610)
      • Texas (early 1700's)
      • California- Cabrillo in San Diego (late 1700's)

11. Treatment of Native Americans

    • Spanish
      • Killed and enslaved most of population and had class system w/Spaniards on top
      • De Las Casas condemns this
        • Ends encomienda system
    • English
      • Marriages w/natives
      • Coexisted until no respect and English force them out of land
    • French
      • trade/war allies