Explanations for forgetting: interference

Explanations for forgetting: interference

1. Interference theory

   • This occurs when two pieces of information conflict with each other, resulting in forgetting.
   • Interference is mainly the explanation for forgetting in LTM. Once information has reached LTM it is more or less permanent therefore, any forgetting of LTM's is because we can't get access to them even though they are available.
   • Interference between memories makes it harder for us to locate them

2. Effects of similarity

   • Procedure
     • McGeoch and McDonald studied retroactive interference by changing amount of similarity between two sets of material.
     • Participants had to learn list of words until they could remember them 100%. They then learned a new list. There were 6 groups who had to learn different types of lists.
   • Findings
     • This shows interference is strongest when memories are similar.
     • Most similar material produced worst recall.

3. Types of interference

   • Proactive interference- occurs when older memories interferes with new ones.
   • Retroactive interference- occurs when new memories interferes with old ones.

4. Evaluation

   • Evidence from lab studies- well controlled studies show interference effects.
   • Artificial materials- lists of words are not like everyday memory, may overemphasise interference as an explanation.
   • Real life studies- Baddeley and Hitch supported interference.