Mood Disorder

Mood Disorder

1. Types of Depression

   • Bipolar
     • Presence of manic & sad symptoms
     • Dramatic changes in mood & behaviour, maybe more noticeable as compared to unipolar
     • Types of Bipolar Disorder
       • Bipolar 1 Disorder
         • Manic episodes lasting for 7 days
         • Depressive episodes occur as well & last for 2 weeks typically.
         • Mixed episodes & mixed symptoms of depression & symptoms are also possible.
       • Bipolar 2 Disorder
         • Defined by a pattern of depressive episodes & hypomanic episodes, but not the full-blown manic episodes as experienced in Bipolar 1.
       • Cyclothymic
         • Defined by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as numerous periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years
   • Unipolar
     • Central characteristics are sadness & hopelessness.
     • Changes in appetite., weight & sleep patterns. Changes in concentration.

2. Bipolar

   • Meaning
     • Bipolar disorder is referred to as mood disorder & the term itself is a combination of words bi meaning two & polar standing for opposite extreme sides.
   • Nature of Disorder
     • These episodes are distinct from every day experiences & they significantly impair the individual's ability to function normally.
     • When an individual's mood switches to an extremely high state, it is called mania, while the extremely low state is called depression.
     • Causes changes to one's mood, usually consisting of shifts between extreme high & extreme low moods.

3. Beck Depression Inventory

   • Credibility of BDI
     • Psychometric test - the standardised and scientific method used to measure an individual's mental capabilities & behavioural styles.
     • Most widely used tool for detecting depression.
     • Assess symptoms of depression.
     • It keeps on updating according to the symptoms & research.
   • Structure of BDI
     • 22 items - self report
     • 4 options for each question.
   • Scoring
     • 10 is the minimum for diagnosing mild depression.
     • 19-29 is moderate depression
     • 30 or more is severe

4. Oruc's Study

   • Examined the genetic basis for bipolar disorder
   • 42 Participants of 31-70 age. Had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder from a psychiatric hospital in Croatia. Control of 40 participants.
   • Procedure: DNA testing was carried out with participants to test for polymorphism in serotonin receptors& transporters. Serotonin is linked with depression.
   • Results: serotonin is known to be sexually dimorphic. When analyzed separately by the gender an association was discovered. These variations suggest an increase in the risk of development of the bipolar disorder in females.
   • Conclusion: Genetic predisposition towards bipolar & related disorder. Females have a higher susceptibility of developing bipolar disorder.

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